Initiation

Moad, Graeme

doi:10.1016/b978-008044288-4/50022-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 479 publications

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“…This increase in dispersity is due to a low molecular weight tail, which is consistently present to varying extents in all samples and affects the molecular weight distribution the more so, as chain length increases. The low molecular weight tail may be due to (1) continuous initiation of chains due to the slow dissociation of the initiator combined with slow propagation from the cyanoalkyl radical center and/or (2) termination reactions leading to dead chains.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Class of Alkoxyamines for Efficient Controlled Homopolymerization of Methacrylates

et al. 2016

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Despite significant efforts, the design of alkoxyamines for polymerization of methacrylic monomers in a well-controlled fashion with good retention of the active chain ends remains a challenge. Herein, the facile synthesis of several alkoxyamines, which are capable of achieving this long sought-after goal, is reported. Controlled homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate is achieved as determined by a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion and first-order rate plots for various alkoxyamine concentrations. The versatility of the alkoxyamines is further exemplified by the ability to control the homopolymerization of styrene and by synthesis of a block copolymer of a second methacrylate in an efficient chain extension process.

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confidence: 99%

New Class of Alkoxyamines for Efficient Controlled Homopolymerization of Methacrylates

et al. 2016

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“…A redox couple tert -butyl hydroperoxide/ascorbic acid (TBHP/AsAc) was also tested. This redox couple yields hydrophobic radicals in the aqueous phase that are readily incorporated into the monomer droplets, and it has shown great potential in RAFT polymerization in solution and in free radical polymerization in dispersed media. , In Figure A, it becomes clear that the more hydrophobic initiators can yield to higher monomer conversions (>90%). Conversely, only 60% monomer conversion can be achieved with KPS in 6 h. This arises from the relative difference in hydrophobicity between initiating radicals and monomers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way to Sustainable Waterborne Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Using Terpene-Based Triblock Copolymers

Noppalit

Simula

Billon

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Emerging pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) formulations based on triblock copolymers typically rely on solvent-borne or bulk processes and are mostly composed of petroleum-derived monomers. Herein, we aim to go beyond the status quo and synthesize hard–soft–hard and soft–hard–soft triblock copolymers using tetrahydrogeraniol acrylate (THGA) and cyclademol acrylate (CDMA) as biosourced monomers. Great care is taken on the synthesis of the monomers and polymers thereof to minimize the environmental impact of the entire process. Hence, the copolymers are obtained by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization as a waterborne process. The process is readily scalable, as no intermediate purification of the first block is required. Good control is achieved for the triblock copolymers with high molecular weight, with M n ≈ 105 500 g·mol–1 and Đ ≈ 1.6 for the PTHGA-b-PCDMA-b-PTHGA. The nanophase segregation of the copolymers is later evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and rheological measurements. Finally, the formulations show good adhesive performance, in comparison to triblock copolymers partially based on styrene.

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“…Initiation is a process that results in the formation of propagating radicals (Moad & Solomon, 2006b). There are many forms of initiation.…”

Section: Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)

Moad¹,

Moad

2020

Chemistry Teacher International

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Radical polymerization is transformed into what is known as reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization by the addition of a RAFT agent. RAFT polymerization enables the preparation of polymers with predictable molar mass, narrow chain length distribution, high end-group integrity and provides the ability to construct macromolecules with the intricate architectures and composition demanded by modern applications in medicine, electronics and nanotechnology. This paper provides a background to understanding the mechanism of RAFT polymerization and how this technique has evolved.

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Initiation

Cited by 8 publications

References 479 publications

New Class of Alkoxyamines for Efficient Controlled Homopolymerization of Methacrylates

New Class of Alkoxyamines for Efficient Controlled Homopolymerization of Methacrylates

Paving the Way to Sustainable Waterborne Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Using Terpene-Based Triblock Copolymers

Fundamentals of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)

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