Initiation and Morphogenesis of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Pods in Solution Culture

Zharare, Godfrey Elijah; Blamey, F. P. C.; Asher, C. J.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1997.0569

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…According to Conagin (1959), the isthmus of the wild species of Arachis is structurally similar to the gynophore, in relation to its epidermis, cortex, vascular cylinder and medulla, and was referred to as a secondary gynophore by Zharare et al (1998). In present study it was verified that the isthmus corresponds to a false septum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This characteristic was first described in A. monticola by Burkart (1939). In the commercially used species A. hypogaea segmented fruits are uncommon (Smith, 1950), since that feature was suppressed during peanut domestication because it hinders the fruit harvest (Zharare et al, 1998). During the ripening process, the proximal segment develops before the distal segment, which was observed by Conagin (1959) in A. monticola and A. villosa, both in section Arachis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pericarp ontogenesis in wild species of Arachis L. (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae)

Pelegrin

Valls

Mariath

2013

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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The genus Arachis encompasses 80 validly described species and the most striking characteristics is the geocarpic fruit, which occurs in every species of the genus. Taking into consideration that much of the current knowledge about this subject is based on the anatomy and morphology of A. hypogaea, a cultivated species with fruits that were modified during domestication, the objective of this study was to learn more about the development of the geocarpic fruits of wild species of Arachis (A. paraguariensis, A. pintoi, A. stenosperma, and A. tuberosa), and to provide characters that can be used in future phylogenetic works about this group. Buds, flowers and fruits at different stages of development were collected and processed according to standard methods used for light field, interferential contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Although the geocarpic fruits of the wild species share many adaptations, this study identified potentially diagnostic infrageneric characters, such as the type of trichomes on the pericarp, the presence of sclerenchyma caps in the bundles of the pericarp of the seed chamber of the fruit and isthmus, the presence of tracheoid cells in the pith of the isthmus, the location of crystalliferous cells, the presence of tannins in the cells of mesocarp outer layers, and the presence of projections in the sclerenchyma tissue. In addition, this article brings some inferences about functional characteristics of this peculiar geocarpic fruit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pericarp ontogenesis in wild species of Arachis L. (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae)

Pelegrin

Valls

Mariath

2013

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…When the elongating gynophore pushes the ovary to the soil, the embryo and pod development resumes under dark condition. The penetration of gynophore to soil causes changes in several aspects including light, moisture, nutrition, growth regulator and mechanical stimuli [5]. Light was proven to be the major inhibitor to prevent embryo and pod development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome profiling of peanut gynophores revealed global reprogramming of gene expression during early pod development in darkness

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAfter the zygote divides few times, the development of peanut pre-globular embryo and fruit is arrested under white or red light. Embryo development could be resumed in dark condition after gynophore is buried in soil. It is interesting to study the mechanisms of gynophore development and pod formation in peanut.ResultsIn this study, transcriptome analysis of peanut gynophore was performed using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 to understand the mechanisms of geocarpy. More than 13 million short sequences were assembled into 72527 unigenes with average size of 394 bp. A large number of genes that were not identified previously in peanut EST projects were identified in this study, including most genes involved in plant circadian rhythm, intra-cellular transportation, plant spliceosome, eukaryotes basal transcription factors, genes encoding ribosomal proteins, brassinosteriod biosynthesis, light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and TCA cycle. RNA-seq based gene expression profiling results showed that before and after gynophore soil penetration, the transcriptional level of a large number of genes changed significantly. Genes encoding key enzymes for hormone metabolism, signaling, photosynthesis, light signaling, cell division and growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism as well as genes involved in stress responses were high lighted.ConclusionsTranscriptome analysis of peanut gynophore generated a large number of unigenes which provide useful information for gene cloning and expression study. Digital gene expression study suggested that gynophores experience global changes and reprogram from light to dark grown condition to resume embryo and fruit development.

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“…Hydroponics culture has been used in peanut (Hill et al, 1992; Pandey and Pendleton, 1986; Stanciel et al, 2000; Zharare et al, 1993; Zharare et al, 1998) and could perhaps be useful in screening large numbers of germplasm lines or segregating populations in a breeding program to reject entries with poor root traits. However, none of the studies with peanuts have examined the relationship between root characteristics of peanut in hydroponics with those observed in pot culture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Root Characteristics of Peanut in Hydroponics and Pot Studies

et al. 2010

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A large root system can be an important character for drought tolerance. Measuring root characteristics in soil medium is tedious, time consuming, and labor intensive. The objective of this study was to determine the association between root characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in hydroponics and in pot experiments. Twelve peanut genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a hydroponics study, a small pot, and a large pot experiment. The studies were conducted in two years during 2004–2005. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root‐to‐shoot ratio, root length, root surface, average diameter of roots, and root volume were measured. Tifton‐8 and ‘KK 60‐3’ had consistently higher values for all root characteristics compared to the other genotypes. Root characteristics of peanut genotypes grown in hydroponics were positively correlated with those of peanut genotypes grown in pot conditions. The results suggested that assessment of root characteristics of peanut in hydroponics for possible drought tolerance could replace the assessment in soil medium conditions.

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Initiation and Morphogenesis of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Pods in Solution Culture

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Pericarp ontogenesis in wild species of Arachis L. (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae)

Pericarp ontogenesis in wild species of Arachis L. (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae)

Transcriptome profiling of peanut gynophores revealed global reprogramming of gene expression during early pod development in darkness

Relationship between Root Characteristics of Peanut in Hydroponics and Pot Studies

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