Initiation and Termination of Oriental Fruit Moth Male Response to Pheromone Concentrations in the Field

Baker, Thomas C.; Roelofs, W. L.

doi:10.1093/ee/10.2.211

Cited by 84 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The active space concept is readily understood as the plume area where male moths detect female moth pheromone (Sower et al 1971;Nakamura and Kawasaki 1977;Baker and Roelofs 1981;. It is time- Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One parameter that could be used in models described above is the active space, defined by as the volume of air inside in which the odor concentration is above the threshold that elicits a behavioral reaction in the receiving organism (Sower et al 1971;Nakamura and Kawasaki 1977;Baker and Roelofs 1981). This concept is based on various Gaussian equations that calculate the odor concentrations in still and moving air (Sutton 1953;Bossert and Wilson 1963;Fares et al 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the semiochemical release rate is increased, it is apparent that the active space increases in area as well as the varied CP values, all of which would be impractical to measure. The semiochemical release rate can be increased to a point that adaptation or confusion occurs with little catch (Bartell and Roelofs 1973;Baker and Roelofs 1981;Kuenen and Baker 1981;Baker et al 1989;Rumbo and Vickers 1997;Judd et al 2005). In this case, the active space should move a distance downwind from Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Space of Pheromone Plume and its Relationship to Effective Attraction Radius in Applied Models

Byers

2008

J Chem Ecol

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The release rate of a semiochemical lure that attracts flying insects has a specific effective attraction radius (EAR) that corresponds to the lure's orientation response strength. EAR is defined as the radius of a passive sphere that intercepts the same number of insects as a semiochemical-baited trap. It is estimated by calculating the ratio of trap catches in the field in baited and unbaited traps and the interception area of the unbaited trap. EAR serves as a standardized method for comparing the attractive strengths of lures that is independent of population density. In two-dimensional encounter rate models that are used to describe insect mass trapping and mating disruption, a circular EAR (EAR c ) describes a key parameter that affects catch or influence by pheromone in the models. However, the spherical EAR, as measured in the field, should be transformed to an EAR c for appropriate predictions in such models. The EAR c is calculated as (π/2EAR2 )/F L , where F L is the effective thickness of the flight layer where the insect searches. F L was estimated from catches of insects (42 species in the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Thysanoptera) on traps at various heights as reported in the literature. The EAR c was proposed further as a simple but equivalent alternative to simulations of highly complex active-space plumes with variable response surfaces that have proven exceedingly difficult to quantify in nature. This hypothesis was explored in simulations where flying insects, represented as coordinate points, moved about in a correlated random walk in an area that contained a pheromone plume, represented as a sector of active space composed of a capture probability surface of variable complexity. In this plume model, catch was monitored at a constant density of flying insects and then compared to simulations in which a circular EAR c was enlarged until an equivalent rate was caught. This demonstrated that there is a circular EAR c , where all insects that enter are caught, which corresponds in catch effect to any plume. Thus, the EAR c , based on the field-observed EAR, can be used in encounter rate models to develop effective control programs based on mass trapping and/or mating disruption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Space of Pheromone Plume and its Relationship to Effective Attraction Radius in Applied Models

Byers

2008

J Chem Ecol

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“…study. However, release rates will also vary with, for example, temperature and usually differences of a factor of 10 or more are needed to considerably change the distance of response (Baker & Roelofs, 1981). The sampling range and effective sampling area depend on insect longevity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From where are insects recruited? A new model to interpret catches of attractive traps

Östrand¹,

Anderbrant²

2003

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Two new concepts describing the origin of insects caught in an attractive trap are presented. 2 Male European pine sawflies Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) were marked and released from 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 m in the four cardinal directions around a centrally placed pheromone trap. 3 Based on linear regression of transformed data, we calculated the seasonal sampling range (r s ) as 1040 m. 4 We estimated the previously defined`effective sampling area' (a) at 4.9 ha, assuming that the insects are evenly distributed around the trap and that they are attracted from a circular area around it. This is the area from which all insects originate if the trap is 100% effective within the area but captures nothing outside of it. The effective sampling area reveals nothing about the origin of the insects caught. We defined the Cumulative Proportional Catch (CPC) that gives the proportion of the trap catch that originates from an area within a distance r from the trap. At r r s CPC 1, and in our study 50% of the captured insects originated up to 450 m from the trap. Thus, for the trap used in this study, a relatively large proportion of the catch originates some distance from the trap. 5 We also defined the Catch Concentration (CC), which is the ratio of the radius of the effective sampling area (r a ) to r s . For our data, CC 0.12, which is intermediate to high compared to the few other studies that we have extracted information from. If r a is considerably lower than r s , then only a small proportion of the insects caught originate from close proximity to the trap. When r a is close to r s , the catch adequately mirrors the population within most of its sampling range. 6 By using these two new concepts, we will better understand why monitoring traps mirror the local population in some cases but not in others. This will help in designing more reliable monitoring programmes.

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“…Since then the idea of a filamentous and snaking plume has become the paradigm (Muftis and Jones, 1981;David et al, 1982;Elkinton and Card6, 1984). The idea of the "active zone" (Bossert and Wilson, 1963) or "active space" Kawasaki, 1977, 1984;Baker and Roelofs, 1981) is also central to our concept of a plume. Within the active space, the concentration of pheromone molecules is sufficient to elicit a behavioral response in an insect, and this is the area that we spatially visualize as the plume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal clumping of bark beetle arrival at pheromone traps: Modeling anemotaxis in chaotic plumes

Byers

1996

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract--The sequence of arrival of the bark beetles Ips ~pographus and Pityogenes chalcographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) at traps baited with their synthetic pheromones was monitored with a portable fraction collector. Histograms of the natural arrival patterns of both species were nonrandom and clumped at shorter time scales (1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-rain cells) but appeared random at larger time scales (10, 20 or 30 rain). Monte Carlo generation of similar histograms showed them to be random at all of these time scales. A stochastic computer model could graphically simulate insect orientation to odor sources based on present theories of odor-modulated anemotaxis and casting. Although this model was used throughout, since it assumes only that insects cast perpendicular to the current wind direction, a second model could slightly improve orientation success. However, the second model requires that the insect remember its ground path (upwind) prior to losing the plume (after an abrupt wind direction change). The effects of casting and flight parameters on orientation success and randomness of arrival sequence within various plumes were determined by simulation. Similarly, the effects of random walks in plume direction, plume width, and wind speed were explored. The results showed that dynamic random variations in plume direction and especially wind speed could cause an otherwise random arrival sequence (e.g., under constant wind) to become clumped and nonrandom. Therefore, the clumped arrival patterns of bark beetles and other insects, including Spodoptera litura, at pheromone sources could result from random-walk fluctuations in wind speed and wind direction.

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Initiation and Termination of Oriental Fruit Moth Male Response to Pheromone Concentrations in the Field

Cited by 84 publications

References 14 publications

Active Space of Pheromone Plume and its Relationship to Effective Attraction Radius in Applied Models

Active Space of Pheromone Plume and its Relationship to Effective Attraction Radius in Applied Models

From where are insects recruited? A new model to interpret catches of attractive traps

Temporal clumping of bark beetle arrival at pheromone traps: Modeling anemotaxis in chaotic plumes

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