Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado

Coe, Jeffrey A.; Kinner, David; Godt, Jonathan W.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.017

Cited by 268 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These bursts are identified as to when the channel had storage (before June 2010 debrisflow), when the channel was without storage (after June 2010 debris-flow) and when a debris-flow occurred. The mean burst intensity and duration corresponds well with triggering thresholds from other monitoring sites (bursts defined with a 10-min time interval) (Badoux et al, 2008;Coe et al, 2008). However, when the channel was without storage, there were rainfall bursts similar to ones which triggered debris-flows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Theule¹,

Liébault²,

Loye³

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

115

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Abstract. Steep mountain catchments typically experience large sediment pulses from hillslopes which are stored in headwater channels and remobilized by debris-flows or bedload transport. Event-based sediment budget monitoring in the active Manival debris-flow torrent in the French Alps during a two-year period gave insights into the catchment-scale sediment routing during moderate rainfall intensities which occur several times each year. The monitoring was based on intensive topographic resurveys of low-and high-order channels using different techniques (cross-section surveys with total station and high-resolution channel surveys with terrestrial and airborne laser scanning). Data on sediment output volumes from the main channel were obtained by a sediment trap. Two debris-flows were observed, as well as several bedload transport flow events. Sediment budget analysis of the two debris-flows revealed that most of the debris-flow volumes were supplied by channel scouring (more than 92 %). Bedload transport during autumn contributed to the sediment recharge of high-order channels by the deposition of large gravel wedges. This process is recognized as being fundamental for debris-flow occurrence during the subsequent spring and summer. A time shift of scour-and-fill sequences was observed between low-and high-order channels, revealing the discontinuous sediment transfer in the catchment during common flow events. A conceptual model of sediment routing for different event magnitude is proposed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Theule¹,

Liébault²,

Loye³

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

115

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“…For an important portion of the landslides, failures occurred immediately below areas of exposed bedrock, in the upper third of the slopes. The corresponding mechanism appears to be related to generation of excess overland flow impacting semiconsolidated colluvium, as reported in other semiarid mountain settings (e.g., Griffiths et al, 2004;Webb et al, 2008;Coe et al, 2008). Although the SLL displays more vegetation, including arboreal species not present in the regions above described, concentration of runoff at the end of upper slope ravels or at the foot of bedrock cliffs had probably the same "fire hose" effect (e.g., Johnson and Rodine, 1984) described in those regions.…”

Section: Triggering Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 63%

Occurrence of landslides during the approach of tropical cyclone Juliette (2001) to Baja California Sur, Mexico

Antinao¹,

Farfán²

2013

Atmósfera

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El acercamiento del ciclón tropical Juliette en 2001 a la península de Baja California provocó por lo menos 419 deslizamientos. Éstos corresponden en su mayoría a derrumbes someros de extensión reducida que fueron convertidos rápidamente en flujos de detritos para ser exportados de las áreas montañosas hacia áreas bajas. Los factores principales que afectan la ocurrencia de deslizamientos en esta zona son la precipitación total y su intensidad, así como la orientación, la geología y la vegetación. Se pueden distinguir dos procesos como iniciadores de los derrumbes. El primero de ellos es la acumulación de escorrentía por precipitación intensa sobre rocas expuestas, lo cual genera exceso de escurrimiento superficial que acarrea regolito. Éste es el proceso principal en topografía cóncava. La combinación de viento y de exceso de escurrimiento en las pendientes altas convexas o planas constituye un proceso secundario relacionado con la heterogeneidad de las asociaciones de vegetación en el límite entre los bosques tropical seco y de roble. Los árboles arrancados desprendieron bloques completos de regolito y roca, lo cual preparó las laderas para la concentración adicional de escurrimiento superficial. Se ha estimado una curva para el umbral de deslizamientos en esta región. Asimismo, con base en el análisis de la información histórica, se ha determinado que tormentas como Juliette se acercan al sur de la península en promedio una vez cada 100 años. Las estimaciones de la denudación provocada directamente por deslizamientos se ubican en la parte más alta del espectro para un margen tectónico pasivo. Estas estimaciones deben considerarse en la toma de decisiones vinculadas con el manejo de los recursos hídricos en esta región. Los resultados acentúan la necesidad de contar con una representación más detallada de la distribución espacial de la precipitación y vientos para esta región montañosa afectada por ciclones tropicales. ABSTRACTThe approach of tropical cyclone (TC) Juliette, in 2001, to the Baja California Peninsula triggered at least 419 landslides. Most of the landslides were shallow slips and debris slides of limited areal extent, which were converted rapidly into debris flows to be exported quickly out of the mountain areas towards the lowlands. Main factors affecting landslide occurrence were total storm rainfall and intensity, aspect, geology and vegetation association. Two processes can be distinguished as initiating slope failure. Accumulation of rainfall from exposed bedrock slopes, generating excess overland flow, was the main process linked to failures in 184 J. L. Antinao and L. M. Farfán concave topography. A combination of wind and excess overland flow in the more convex or planar upper slopes was a secondary process related to heterogeneity of vegetation associations in the oak-dry tropical forests ecotone, as uprooted trees dislodged large regolith and bedrock blocks, priming hillslopes for further runoff concentration. An estimative threshold curve for triggering landslides in this region is sk...

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“…In addition, during or just after peak rainfall, high-intensity rainfall flushes large amounts of debris into rivers, triggering debris flows. In this case, abundant antecedent rainfall is not a requirement because debris flows can be triggered by riverbed material saturated with surface water (Berti et al 1999;Coe et al 2008), not necessarily hillslope material saturated with underground soil water.…”

Section: Rainfall Conditions and I-d Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have also found that peak rainfall intensity and the initiation of mass movements are often concurrent (Aleotti 2004;Chien-Yuan et al 2005;Guzzetti et al 2007Guzzetti et al , 2008Dahal and Hasegawa 2008;Saito et al 2010aSaito et al , 2010b. Although antecedent rainfall also plays an important role in the initiation of mass movement (Kim et al 1992;Glade 1997;Crozier 1999;Glade et al 2000;Guzzetti et al 2007Guzzetti et al , 2008Dahal and Hasegawa 2008), intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds and/or the peak rainfall intensity are often used to predict mass movements and warn the appropriate authorities of potential mass movement hazards (Onodera et al 1974;Keefer et al 1987;Aleotti 2004;Hong et al 2005;Cannon et al 2008;Coe et al 2008;Dahal and Hasegawa 2008;Guzzetti et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Chen

Saitô

Oguchi

2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Mass movements caused by rainfall events in Taiwan are analyzed during a 7-year period from 2006 to 2012. Data from the Taiwan Soil and Water Conservation Bureau reports were compiled for 263 mass movement events, including 156 landslides, 91 debris flows, and 16 events with both landslides and debris flows. Rainfall totals for each site location were obtained from interpolated rain gauge data. The rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) relationship was examined to establish a rainfall threshold for mass movements using random sampling: I = 18.10(±2.67)D −0.17(±0.04) , where I is mean rainfall intensity (mm/h) and D is the time (h) between the beginning of a rainfall event and the resulting mass movement. Significant differences were found between rainfall intensities and thresholds for landslides and debris flows. For short-duration rainfall events, higher mean rainfall intensities were required to trigger debris flows. In contrast, for long-duration rainfall events, similar mean rainfall intensities triggered both landslides and debris flows. Mean rainfall intensity was rescaled by mean annual precipitation (MAP) to define a new threshold: I MAP = 0.0060(±0.0009)D −0.17(±0.04) , where I MAP is rescaled rainfall intensity and MAP is the minimum for mountainous areas in Taiwan (3000 mm). Although the I-D threshold for Taiwan is high, the I MAP -D threshold for Taiwan tends to be low relative to other areas around the world. Our results indicate that Taiwan is highly prone to rainfall-induced mass movements. This study also shows that most mass movements occur in high rainfall-intensity periods, but some events occur before or after the rainfall peak. Both antecedent and peak rainfall play important roles in triggering landslides, whereas debris flow occurrence is more related to peak rainfall than antecedent rainfall.

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Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado

Cited by 268 publications

References 32 publications

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Occurrence of landslides during the approach of tropical cyclone Juliette (2001) to Baja California Sur, Mexico

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

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