Initiation of solid explosives by laser

Abdulazeem, M. Safwat; Alhasan, Am; Abdulrahmann, S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.06.001

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The modelc onsiders the effect of irradiatingasteel plate with long laser pulsesa nd continuous lasers of several kilowatts and also the thermal response of well-characterized EMs for ignition; the final model was verified on RDX, HMX, and TATB [124].B hattacharya et al [125] used ultraviolet lasers at different wavelengths, such as 226, 236, and 193 nm, to prepare the exciteds tates of nitromethane (NM), dimethylnitramine (DMNA), and isopropyl nitrate (IPN) which are used as model molecules for CÀNO 2 ,N À NO 2 ,a nd OÀNO 2 activem oieties, respectively.T he major decompositionp athway of electronic excitationa t1 93 nm of NM and IPN involves fissiono ft he XÀNO 2 bond to form an electronically excited NO 2 product, which further dissociates to generate NO. The production of NO molecules from electronically excited DMNAi sp roposed to go through an itro-nitrite isomerization pathway.A bdulazeem et al [126] have dealt theoretically with the behavior of b-lead azide when heated by continuous and pulsed laser;i th as been arguedt hat this azidei nitiationw ith low energy laser is thermali no rigin.C iviš et al [127] have studied 2,2-dinitroethylene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7) under the influence of ac ombination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and they tried to formulate the chemical mechanism of the FOX-7 molecule fission. Brown et al [128] dealt with observations of the hot-spot formationi ne nergetic RDX-PCTFE-aggregates subjected to dynamic pressure loading and laser irradiation by means of adiabatic heating, laser heatinga nd thermal decomposition.…”

Section: Sensitivity To Laser Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Performance of Energetic Materials

Zeman

Jungová

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

220

127

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Abstract. This paper provides an overview of the main developments over the past nine years in the study of the sensitivity of energetic materials (EM) to impact, shock, friction, electric spark, laser beams and heat. Attention is also paid to performance and to its calculation methods. Summaries are provided of the relationships between sensitivity and performance, the best representations for the calculation methods of performance being the volume heat of explosion or the product of crystal density and the square of detonation velocity. On the basis of current knowledge, it is possible to state that a single universal relationship between molecular structure and initiation reactivity does not yet exist. It is confirmed that increasing the explosive strength is usually accompanied by an increase in the sensitivity. In the case of nitramines this rule is totally valid for friction sensitivity, but for impact sensitivity there are exceptions to the rule, and with 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazepane, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane, β−1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane and the α−, β− and ε−polymorphs of 2, 4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane the relationship works in the opposite direction. With respect to the QSPR approach there might be reasonably good predictions but it provides little insight into the physics and chemistry involved in the process of initiation.

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Section: Sensitivity To Laser Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Performance of Energetic Materials

Zeman

Jungová

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

220

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There have been many reports [2][3][4][5] providing analytical solutions to Equation 10.16, under various conditions and simplifying assumptions. (corresponding to the ignition energy, ign = (I ign × l ) -that is, the threshold value of laser energy required for achieving sustained combustion (or detonation in the case of explosives under confined condition), relating to some experimentally measureable laser and sample parameters.…”

Section: Heat Transfer Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Aspects of Laser Interaction with Energetic Materials

Ahmad¹,

Cartwright²

2014

Laser Ignition of Energetic Materials

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“…Laser initiation is a safe and reliable alternative to conventional mechanical or electrical initiation methods due to its isolation of electrical power and insensitivity to electromagnetism [1,2]. In addition, short laser pulses can significantly reduce and optimize the ignition period of explosions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared Laser Initiation Mechanism of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles

Ji¹,

Qin²,

Tang³

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Aluminum nanoparticles were added into pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) to decrease the near-infrared (NIR) laser initiation power. The effects of Al nanoparticles on the minimum power of all fire were investigated under 1064 nm laser initiation. The initiation mechanism was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, reflectance spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and shadowgraph technique. Results showed that the addition of Al nanoparticles could prominently decrease the minimum power of all fire of PETN. The PETN doped with 0.5 % Al nanoparticles could be reliably initiated with 40 mJ laser en-ergy (1064 nm, 14 ns). However, the increase in Al nanoparticles increased the minimum power of all fire. A thermal mechanism could be affirmed for the initiation of PETN doped with Al nanoparticles with the NIR laser initiation. First, Al nanoparticles were heated to high temperature to form hotspots by absorbing input NIR laser energy. Then, the PETN surrounded by the hotspots propagated self-sustaining chemical reactions and exploded. With the increase of Al nanoparticles, the increase in thermal conductivity and the decrease of the hot-spots temperature resulted in high laser power to initiate explosives.

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Initiation of solid explosives by laser

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Sensitivity and Performance of Energetic Materials

Sensitivity and Performance of Energetic Materials

Theoretical Aspects of Laser Interaction with Energetic Materials

Near‐Infrared Laser Initiation Mechanism of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles

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