Injectability, Processability, Drug Loading, and Antibacterial Activity of Gentamicin-Impregnated Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Composite Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement In Vitro

Abstract

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is similar to bone in composition and has plasticity, while mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) has the advantage of releasing Si, which can promote osteogenic properties and drug loading capacity. A sol–gel-prepared MBG micro-powder (mMBG) and further impregnated antibiotic gentamicin sulfate (Genta@mMBG: 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL) antibiotic were added to CPC at different weight ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) to study CPC’s potential clinical applications. Different ratios of mMBG/CPC composite bone cement showed good injectability and disintegration resistance, but with increasing mMBG addition, the working/setting time and compressive strength decreased. The maximum additive amount was 10 wt.% mMBG due to the working time of ~ 5 min, the setting time of ~ 10 min, and the compressive strength of ~51 MPa, indicating that it was more suitable for clinical surgical applications than the other groups. The 2Genta@mMBG group loaded with 2 mg/mL gentamicin had good antibacterial activity, and the 10 wt.% 2Genta@mMBG/CPC composite bone cement still had good antibacterial activity but reduced the initial release of Genta. 2Genta@mMBG was found to have slight cytotoxicity, so 2Genta@mMBG was composited into CPC to improve the biocompatibility and to endow CPC with more advantages for clinical application.

Hybrid-Aligned Fibers of Electrospun Gelatin with Antibiotic and Polycaprolactone Composite Membranes as an In Vitro Drug Delivery System to Assess the Potential Repair Capacity of Damaged Cornea

“…The bands of amide I (C=O; C–N) at 1630 cm −1 , amide II (N–H) at 1524 cm −1 , and amide III (C–N) at 1238 cm −1 can be observed in the Gel curve [ 34 , 35 ]. In the Genta spectrum, individual bands of stretched O–H at 3615 cm −1 , stretched N–H at 1679 cm −1 , and bent O–H at 838 cm −1 can be observed [ 36 ].…”

In Vitro Characterizations of Post-Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Microspheres Modified by Phosphatidylcholine or Diammonium Phosphate as Antibiotic Delivery Vehicles

“…According to the ISO 10993-5 regulation, cell viability maintained above 70% compared with the control group indicates no cytotoxicity, and values between 50–70% and 30–50% indicate slight and mild reactivity, respectively [ 24 ]. As shown in Figure 1 a, the cell viability of the unmodified microspheres (Ms) against NIH-3T3 was only 14%, indicating that they had obvious cytotoxicity to the tested NIH-3T3 cells.…”

“…However, the biocompatibility of the microspheres deteriorated after drug impregnation. Micro-hydrogels have certain limitations in repairing large-area wound defects so they cannot form accurate shapes to repair damage due to flow under blood infiltration [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 47 ]. Therefore, drug-impregnated microspheres as drug carriers can be composited into other biomaterials, such as artificial skin for burns or fractures, membranes for protein capture and wound healing, bone cement or polymethylmethacrylate for bone defect repair, and bioink for tissue engineering applications [ 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Enhanced Cell Osteogenic Differentiation in Alendronate Acid and Flufenamic Acid Drug-Impregnated Nanoparticles of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Composite Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement In Vitro

“…The proper additive of 5 wt.% nMBG in the CPC matrix was investigated based on our previous study and the literature [ 9 , 21 ]. The CPC-only composite was set as the control group, and nMBG@CPC composites consisting of CPC powder mixed with drug-free 5 wt.% nMBG were used for comparison.…”

“…In addition, when repairing bone defects, considerations for selecting an adjustable bone resorption substitute for implantation are more important than strength considerations. Due to the decay or degradation properties of the bone substitute itself, drug-loaded carriers are usually compounded into the bone substitute to regulate the release of the drug [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. This strategy aims to precisely reestablish the homeostasis between osteoblasts and osteoclasts to repair bone defects.…”