Injectable Anesthetics and Field Anesthesia

Lin, Hui‐Yi

doi:10.1002/9781119672661.ch4

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…It is widely used in pigs to provide sedation, reduce anxiety, calm animals, and combat aggression and stress in pigs [35]. It is considered to be the most effective tranquilizer for pigs [36]. Azaperone works toward central adrenergic dopamine D2 receptors located in the reticular activating system, leading to its sedative and anti-anxiety effects [37].…”

Section: Sedation and Premedicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recommended dose of 0.1-0.4 mg/kg IV or IM should be used in different combinations, with a maximum dose of 1.5 mg/kg [40]. Combinations with ketamine or tiletamine/zolazepam produce reliable sedation and muscle relaxation [36]. Acepromazine 1.1-1.65 mg/kg IM has been reported to reduce the incidence of malignant hyperthermia related to anesthesia [41,42].…”

Section: Phenothiazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diazepam and Midazolam can be used in combination with ketamine, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, and opioids. In association with ketamine, muscle relaxation will be improved during anesthesia [36]. In association with alfaxalone (5 mg/kg IM) muscle relaxation and sedation levels increase [9].…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Preprint

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Anesthesia ensures the welfare of the animal, enables safe and effective procedures, and allows accurate data collection [1]. In clinical veterinary practice, proper training and expertise in anesthesia administration and monitoring are essential. Pigs are commonly used in medical and scientific research as models for studying various aspects of human health, physiology, and disease due to their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans [2–4]. Pigs are suitable experimental animals for many surgery techniques because they are similar in size to humans and have a short reproductive cycle. This makes them ideal for research concerning organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, and other procedures that require a large animal model. Pigs also have a similar anatomy to humans, which makes them a good choice for studying diseases and developing new treatments [5]. Sedation and premedication should be administered at the lowest dose to be effective with predictable results and reduced adverse effects, to ensure the safety of both the animal and the team involved in the procedure, with a fast onset and optimizing the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The goal of induction is to achieve a safe and effective level of anesthesia that ensures the patient's safety and facilitates the research. Most of the time, inhalation anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is the ideal choice for maintenance., allowing efficient anesthetic management. The difficulties related to the endotracheal intubation of pigs can be overcome by knowing the anatomical peculiarities related to the species and the multiple methods cited in the literature. Effective analgesia tailored to the specific procedure, the pig's condition, and individual responses to medications should complete the maintenance and recovery protocols, reducing perioperative complications.

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Section: Sedation and Premedicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenothiazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Azaperone is a neuroleptic sedative medication that belongs to the class of butyrophenone derivatives. It is widely used in pigs to provide sedation, reduce anxiety, calm animals, and combat aggression and stress in pigs [35,36]. Azaperone works at central adrenergic dopamine D2 receptors located in the reticular activating system, leading to its sedative and anti-anxiety effects [37].…”

Section: Butyrophenonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recommended dose of 0.1-0.4 mg/kg IV or IM may be used in combination with other drugs to improve the quality of premedication [40]. The combination of acepromazine with ketamine or tiletamine/zolazepam produces reliable sedation and muscle relaxation [36]. Acepromazine 1.1-1.65 mg/kg IM has been reported to reduce the incidence of malignant hyperthermia related to anesthesia [41,42].…”

Section: Phenothiazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In clinical veterinary practice, proper training and expertise in anesthesia administration and monitoring are essential. Pigs are suitable experimental animals for many surgical techniques because they are similar in size to humans and have a short reproductive cycle. This makes them ideal for research concerning organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, and other procedures that require a large animal model. Sedation and premedication should be administered at the lowest dose to be effective with predictable results and reduced adverse effects, to ensure the safety of both the animal and the team involved in the procedure, with a fast onset and optimizing the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The goal of induction is to achieve a safe and effective level of anesthesia that ensures patient safety and facilitates research. Most of the time, inhalation anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is the ideal choice for maintenance of anesthesia. The difficulties related to endotracheal intubation of pigs can be overcome by knowing the anatomical peculiarities. Effective analgesia tailored to the specific procedure, the pig’s condition, and individual responses to medications should complete the maintenance and recovery protocols, reducing perioperative complications.

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Injectable Anesthetics and Field Anesthesia

Cited by 2 publications

References 121 publications

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

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