Larbi-Bouamrane, et al.: Preparation of Chitosan Microcapsules for Delivery of OxytetracyclineFormulations of encapsulated oxytetracycline in chitosan spherical beads have been developed in this work through the ionotropic gelation method in sodium tripolyphosphate or hexametaphosphate and characterized as drug delivery system to the gastrointestinal tract by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and in vitro drug release in simulated gastric fluids. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that tripolyphosphate and hexametaphosphate are cross-linked ionically to chitosan and there was no significant drug interaction between the entrapped drug and the carrying polymer. With respect to chitosan cross-linking features, sodium hexametaphosphate seems to give better swelling, higher diffusion and faster release kinetics, while addition of glutaraldehyde as a second cross-linking agent lowers the drug discharge. Release extent and kinetics were found to be pH dependent and approximated very well by the multistep models equations of Makoid-Banakar, PeppasSahlin and Korsmeyer-Peppas.
Key words: Oxyteracycline, chitosan, encapsulation, crosslinking, release kineticsTetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics that exhibit activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their favourable antimicrobial properties and the absence of major adverse effects have led to their extensive use in the therapy of human and animal infections [1][2][3][4] . Unfortunately, like the other antibiotic and as a result of the extensive prescription in conventional formulations, the emergence of microbial resistance has limited their effectiveness. So, other strategies are needed to keep tetracycline's and other antibiotics as resources for the next generation and to restore their initial antimicrobial activity. These strategies are based on the development of new classes of drugs with unique antibacterial mechanisms or new formulations enabling the reduction of amounts of antimicrobials used worldwide. In particular, investigation of new formulations has been carried out in order to overcome the disadvantages resulting from the administration of antibiotics in conventional forms [5][6][7] .The specific addressing of active molecules to the organ, tissue or cell is considered now as a major challenge and promising route for the treatment of various human diseases, including bacterial infections, cancer or genetic diseases [8] . New carrying and targeting approaches for drug delivery have been extensively studied in recent years. Most of them are centered on the development of nano-or micro-scale carrying systems [9][10][11] or specific molecules to improve and maximize drug bioavailability and hence therapeutic effects over a period of time. This highly selective approach would ensure an optimum response from the dosage form which significantly lowers the side effects and reduce treatment's expense.As non-conventional pharmaceutical dos...