Injectable Fillers: Review of Material and Properties

Attenello, Natalie H.; Maas, Corey S.

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1544924

Cited by 118 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…1 Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are some of the most popular dermal filler agents, 2,3 which when injected into and below the dermis can provide cosmetic volume improvements. 2,4,5 However, these volume effects will diminish soon after injection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Cheng

Shih

et al. 2017

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Introduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers are used for various cosmetic procedures. However, due to filler migration and degradation, reinjections of the fillers are often required. Methacrylated HA (MA-HA) can be made into injectable shape-memorizing fillers (three-dimensional [3D] MA-HA) aimed to address these issues. In this study, shape retention, firmness, and biocompatibility of 3D MA-HA injected subcutaneously in mice were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Fifteen mice, each receiving two subcutaneous injections in their back, were divided into four groups receiving HA, MA-HA, 3D MA-HA, or saline, respectively. Digital imaging, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in vivo imaging system (IVIS), durometry, and histology were utilized to evaluate in vitro/ vivo degradation and migration, material firmness, and the angiogenic (CD31) and immunogenic (CD45) response of the host tissue toward the injected materials. Results: Digital imaging, SEM, and IVIS revealed that 3D MA-HA fillers maintained their predetermined shape for at least 30 days in vitro and in vivo. Little volume effects were noted in the saline and other control groups. There were no differences in skin firmness between the groups or over time. Histology showed intact skin architecture in all groups. Three-dimensional MA-HA maintained its macroporous structure with significant angiogenesis at the 3D MA-HA/skin interfaces and throughout the 3D MA-HA. There was no significant inflammatory response to any of the injected materials. Conclusion: 3D MA-HA showed remarkable tissue compatibility, compliance, and shape predictability, as well as retention, and thus might be suitable for various skin sculpting and soft tissue reconstruction purposes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Cheng

Shih

et al. 2017

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…34,35,47 The results of our ex-vivo study create a basis for animal experiments that need to prove the biocompatibility of the filler materials that were already successfully employed in cataract surgery and aesthetic surgery. [48][49][50][51] Furthermore, they need to investigate the stability of the refractive change induced by filler injection. Stability will certainly depend on the viscoelastic properties of the filler.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of hyperopia by intrastromal cutting and liquid filler injection

Freidank¹,

Vogel²,

Anderson

et al. 2019

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Correction of hyperopia requires an increase of the refractive power by steepening of the corneal surface. Present refractive surgical techniques based on corneal ablation (LASIK) or intrastromal lenticule extraction (SMILE) are problematic due to epithelial regrowth. Recently, it was shown that correction of low hyperopia can be achieved by implanting intracorneal inlays or allogeneic lenticules. We demonstrate a steepening of the anterior corneal surface after injection of a transparent, liquid filler material into a laser-dissected intrastromal pocket. We performed the study on ex-vivo porcine eyes. The increase of the refractive power was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). For a circular pocket, injection of 1 μl filler material increased the refractive power by þ4.5 diopters. An astigmatism correction is possible when ellipsoidal intrastromal pockets are created. Injection of 2 μl filler material into an ellipsoidal pocket increased the refractive power by þ10.9 dpt on the short and þ5.1 dpt on the long axis. OCT will enable to monitor the refractive change during filler injection and is thus a promising technique for real-time dosimetry.

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“…Synthetic materials can offer a permanent solution . Synthetic materials commonly used in fillers are polymethyl methacrylate microspheres, liquid silicone and hydrogel polymers . Although these permanent fillers may seem attractive because of the durability of the effect, many have been condemned for complications including granulomas, acute and delayed infections, migration or displacement .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign body reaction triggered by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 blockade 25 years after dermal filler injection

et al. 2016

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Foreign body reactions are regularly seen as a late complication of cosmetic treatment with synthetic dermal fillers. Often this foreign body reaction is triggered by a systemic infection, but other systemic triggers are also reported. In this case report, we present a woman in her 60s who was treated with ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma. After two courses of treatment she developed painless facial nodules. A foreign body reaction to dermal fillers was suspected because the patient had received cosmetic treatment with dermal fillers 25 years previously. This reaction was confirmed by excision and histological examination. In the absence of other known triggers, this case revealed immunotherapy (ipilimumab) and subsequent activation of the adaptive immune system as potential triggers of foreign body reactions to dermal fillers. Immunotherapy is increasingly used as anticancer treatment for an increasing number of tumour types. Furthermore, synthetic dermal fillers have frequently been used in the past. Therefore, physicians should be aware of this late-occurring complication of synthetic filler treatment in patients who develop skin lesions during immunotherapy.

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Injectable Fillers: Review of Material and Properties

Cited by 118 publications

References 47 publications

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Correction of hyperopia by intrastromal cutting and liquid filler injection

Foreign body reaction triggered by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 blockade 25 years after dermal filler injection

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