Injectable hydrogel composite containing modified gold nanoparticles: implication in bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

BackgroundFor effective bone regeneration, it is necessary to implant a biocompatible scaffold that is capable of inducing cell growth and continuous osteogenic stimulation at the defected site. Here, we suggest an injectable hydrogel system using enzymatic cross-linkable gelatin (Gel) and functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs).MethodsIn this work, tyramine (Ty) was synthesized on the gelatin backbone (Gel-Ty) to enable a phenol crosslinking reaction with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was attached to the GNPs surface (G-NAC) for promoting osteodifferentiation.ResultsThe Gel-Ty hydrogels containing G-NAC (Gel-Ty/G-NAC) had suitable mechanical strength and biocompatibility to embed and support the growth of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) during a proliferation test for three days. In addition, G-NAC promoted osteodifferentiation both when it was included in Gel-Ty and when it was used directly in hASCs. The osteogenic effects were demonstrated by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the phenol crosslinking reaction is suitable for injectable hydrogels for tissue regeneration and G-NAC stimulate bone regeneration. Based on our results, we suggest that Gel-Ty/G-NAC hydrogels can serve both as a biodegradable graft material for bone defect treatment and as a good template for tissue engineering applications such as drug delivery, cell delivery, and various tissue regeneration uses.

Vitamin D-conjugated gold nanoparticles as functional carriers to enhancing osteogenic differentiation

“…In the process of bone regeneration, GNPs affect the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [27]. Accordingly, we investigated the effect on bone regeneration of GNPs [21,22,28,29]. Our previous study determined GNPs with diameters of 30 and 50 nm to be effective for increasing osteogenic differentiations [28].…”

Natural Polymeric Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration

“…PCL and gelatin have been co-assembled into nanofibers used in BTE applications (Naghieh et al, 2017). Biodegradable grafts for bone defect treatment based on injectable enzymatic cross-linkable gelatin combined with functionalized gold nanoparticles have also been proposed, which also could serve as a good template for drug and cell delivery for TE (Lee et al, 2018). Varying the proportion among components in the formulations of gelatin composites with chito-olisaccharides (COS) and magnesium calcium phosphate (MCP) was found to regulate the scaffolds' pore size with a direct effect on osteogenic differentiation (Ratanavaraporn et al, 2011;Hussain et al, 2012).…”

Recent Advances of Chitosan-Based Injectable Hydrogels for Bone and Dental Tissue Regeneration

“…Especially, metal/metaloxide NPs (e.g., Au, Ag, and Fe 3 O 4 ), inorganic/ceramic NPs (e.g., hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, silica and silicates), and polymeric NPs (natural/synthetic polymers, dendrimers and hyperbranched polyesters) can promote the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization for bone regeneration (Moorthi et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014Wang et al, , 2016Wang et al, , 2017bWang et al, , 2018bYang Y.Y. et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2015Yang et al, , 2021Thoniyot et al, 2015;Ko et al, 2018;Min et al, 2018;Bian et al, 2020;Fan et al, 2020). For example, Radwan et al (2020) prepared CS-based calcium phosphate composite scaffolds with embedded moxifloxacin hydrochloride.…”