Injectable PEDOT:PSS/cholinium ionic liquid mixed conducting materials for electrocardiogram recordings

Casado, Nerea; Zendegi, Sara; Tomé, Liliana C.; Velasco‐Bosom, Santiago; Aguzin, Ana; Picchio, Matías L.; Criado‐Gonzalez, Miryam; Malliaras, George G.; Forsyth, Maria; Mecerreyes, David

doi:10.1039/d2tc03248a

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This effect has also been observed in PEDOT:PSS mixtures with cholinium lactate and imidazonium-based ILs. 15,28…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect has also been observed in PEDOT:PSS mixtures with cholinium lactate and imidazonium-based ILs. 15,28 The intermolecular interactions of the supramolecular eutectogels could be decoded throughout their viscoelastic behavior monitoring the storage (G 0 ) and loss modulus (G 00 ) at various strains. 29 Attractive electrostatic forces have the largest influence on stress-dependence properties as they require the most energy to disrupt, providing the greatest shear resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 In this regard, some of us recently described some skin-friendly ILs composed of cholinium-carboxylate for bioelectronics. 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 In this regard, some of us recently described some skin-friendly ILs composed of choliniumcarboxylate for bioelectronics. 15 In the next generation of additives, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have started to unseat the role of ILs. DES are mixtures of pure compounds, commonly called hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD), for which the eutectic point temperature is significantly lower than that of an ideal liquid mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct ink writing of PEDOT eutectogels as substrate-free dry electrodes for electromyography

et al. 2023

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“…This effect has also been observed in PEDOT:PSS mixtures with cholinium lactate and imidazonium-based ILs. 15,28…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 In this regard, some of us recently described some skin-friendly ILs composed of cholinium-carboxylate for bioelectronics. 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct ink writing of PEDOT eutectogels as substrate-free dry electrodes for electromyography

et al. 2023

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“…[5][6]18] Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely studied organic electrode materials for biosignal monitoring. [4][5][6][19][20][21] Researchers have demonstrated the applicability of PEDOT:PSS films as dry electrodes for health monitoring by increasing σ and stretchability using various organic additives including elastomers, [22][23][24] polyols, [25][26][27] fluoro-surfactants, [28][29][30] ionic liquids (ILs), [31][32][33][34][35][36] ionic salts, [37] and their composites. [4,38,39] However, these films are opaque because of the greater thickness (>1 µm) required for achieving low sheet resistance (R s ) and high stretchability; hence, they have not yet been considered as stretchable transparent electrodes for daily biosignal monitoring, both for aesthetic reasons and because of the limitations in using them for the lightinduced biosignal measurement techniques described above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and Biocompatible Transparent Electrodes for Multimodal Biosignal Sensing from Exposed Skin

Kim

Choi

et al. 2023

Adv Elect Materials

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Real-time health monitoring technology in daily life requires mechanically robust and transparent electrodes for multimodal biosignal sensing from exposed human epidermis. Here, highly stretchable transparent electrodes comprising a water-dispersed conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyth iophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and a protic ionic liquid (IL), 3-methylimidazolium:bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (p-MIM:TFSI) are reported. Owing to the high water miscibility of p-MIM:TFSI and its favorable ion exchange capability with PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT:PSS/p-MIM:TFSI transparent electrodes show enhanced electrical conductivity (σ = 450 S cm −1 ) and thin-film stretchability represented by crack onset strain (ε c ) exceeding 50%. These electrodes outperform other PEDOT:PSS electrodes processed with an aprotic counterpart, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium(EMIM):TFSI, or a traditional ionic salt, Li:TFSI. The PEDOT:PSS/p-MIM:TFSI thin-film electrodes are also biocompatible and conformally adhere to human skin; therefore, multimodal biosignals including electrocardiogram, electrooculogram, and electromyogram with high signal-to-noise ratios from exposed epidermis on human faces and arms under various measurement conditions mimicking daily activities are collected. Considering the importance of light penetration through human skin for stable biological activity during biosignal monitoring, the results can broaden the applicability of daily-use wearable biosignal sensors by applying them to exposed human skin.

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Elastomeric Protein Bioactive Eutectogels for Topical Drug Delivery

Picchio,

Orellano,

Motta

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) are an emerging family of eutectic mixtures gaining increasing interest in the biomedical space. The immobilization of THEDES into polymer networks allows bioactive eutectogels to expand their application scope to topical drug delivery. Herein, this work presents the first set of elastomeric eutectogels constructed by supporting a therapeutic eutectic system with skin permeation ability in a protein scaffold dynamically crosslinked by a natural polyphenol. In this ionic eutectic, gelatin undergoes gelation through an unexpected mechanism in striking contrast with classical hydrogels, which is herein thoroughly studied. Interestingly, the polyphenol controls the conformation of the protein structure, enabling tuning up the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior of the dynamic eutectogel networks from elastic to hyperelastic. The resultant protein eutectogels exhibit strain‐hardening behavior, thermoreversible gel‐to‐sol transition, and excellent adhesive performance. Furthermore, these versatile materials retain the bioactivity of the liquid THEDES and favor skin occlusion, assisting the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances in ex vivo porcine skin in a time‐dependent penetration process. These ultrastretchable eutectogels show new interplays between protein scaffolds and eutectic mixtures, paving the way for innovative therapeutic soft materials.

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Injectable PEDOT:PSS/cholinium ionic liquid mixed conducting materials for electrocardiogram recordings

Abstract: This article presents PEDOT:PSS/cholinium IL composites to design safe bioelectrodes for long-term cutaneous recording. The PEDOT:PSS/IL composites presented improved electronic and ionic conductivities, as well as injectable properties.

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Direct ink writing of PEDOT eutectogels as substrate-free dry electrodes for electromyography

Direct ink writing of PEDOT eutectogels as substrate-free dry electrodes for electromyography

Stretchable and Biocompatible Transparent Electrodes for Multimodal Biosignal Sensing from Exposed Skin

Elastomeric Protein Bioactive Eutectogels for Topical Drug Delivery

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