Injectable Self‐Expanding/Self‐Propelling Hydrogel Adhesive with Procoagulant Activity and Rapid Gelation for Lethal Massive Hemorrhage Management

Abstract

Developing hydrogels that can quickly reach deep bleeding sites, adhere to wounds, and expand to stop lethal and/or noncompressible bleeding in civil and battlefield environments remains a challenge. Herein, we report an injectable, antibacterial, self‐expanding, and self‐propelling hydrogel bioadhesive with procoagulant activity and rapid gelation. This hydrogel combines spontaneous gas foaming and rapid Schiff base crosslinking for lethal massive hemorrhage. Hydrogels have rapid gelation and expansion rate, high self‐expanding ratio, excellent antibacterial activity, antioxidant efficiency, and tissue adhesion capacity. In addition, hydrogels have good cytocompatibility, procoagulant ability, and higher blood cell/platelet adhesion activity than commercial combat gauze and gelatin sponge. The optimized hydrogel (OD‐C/QGQL‐A30) exhibits better hemostatic ability than combat gauze and gelatin sponge in rat liver and femoral artery bleeding models, rabbit volumetric liver loss massive bleeding models with/without anticoagulant, and rabbit liver and kidney incision bleeding models with bleeding site not visible. Especially, OD‐C/QGQL‐A30 rapidly stops the bleedings from pelvic area of rabbit, and swine subclavian artery vein transection. Furthermore, OD‐C/QGQL‐A30 has biodegradability and biocompatibility, and accelerates MRSA‐infected skin wound healing. This injectable, antibacterial, self‐expanding and self‐propelling hydrogel opens up a new avenue to develop hemostats for lethal massive bleeding, abdominal organ bleeding, and bleeding from coagulation lesions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Facile preparation of injectable, thermosensitive, and physically cross-linked hemostatic hydrogel with rapid gelation and a robust network

“…4 Meanwhile, to investigate the ability of hydrogels to withstand blood pressure, burst pressure tests were performed on G/HA/L-P hydrogels. 46 As shown in Fig. 5(b), the measured burst pressure of G 15 /HA 0.6 /L-P-3 25 (1 : 9) was 256 ± 27 mmHg, which was much higher than the normal blood pressure values for adults (130–139 mmHg systolic and 85–89 mmHg diastolic).…”

Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Mesoporous Starch-Based Microparticle for Effective Hemostasis and Wound Healing

“…Additionally, both activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) 28 were significantly reduced by Ca@MSMP compared to NS, SMP, and MSMP, suggesting a potent activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulation pathways by the released calcium ions during the water absorption process (Figure S7). 29 Furthermore, the interaction with blood components was quantified by immersing the samples in red blood cells and platelet-rich plasma. Both MSMP and Ca@MSMP showed significantly higher (p < 0.0001) platelet adhesion compared to NS and SMP (Figure 4f), with the platelet adhesion capacity of MSMP notably increasing (p < 0.01) upon calcium ion incorporation.…”

Biomineral-Based Composite Materials in Regenerative Medicine

“…A further composite bound with calcium carbonate has been developed, demonstrating an injectable antimicrobial hydrogel in which calcium carbonate was used as not only a hemostatic agent but also a foaming agent for self-propulsion. This hydrogel, which was composed of quaternized chitosan and exhibited excellent tissue adhesion, a hemostatic effect, fast gelation performance, and an antibacterial effect, is self-expanding, self-propelled, and bioadhesive, with coagulation activity and rapid gelation [ 220 ]. It has the potential to be developed as a hemostatic agent for treating catastrophic massive hemorrhage, abdominal organ bleeding, and bleeding from clotting lesions.…”