Injectable Self-Healing First-Aid Tissue Adhesives with Outstanding Hemostatic and Antibacterial Performances for Trauma Emergency Care

Abstract

Soft-tissue trauma emergency caused by natural disasters and traffic accidents is highly prevalent, which can result in massive bleeding, pathogen infection, and even death. Although numerous tissue adhesives can bind to tissue surfaces and cover wounds, most of them still have several deficiencies, including long gelation time, poor adhesive strength, and anti-infection, making them inappropriate for use as first-aid bandages. Herein, injectable and self-healing four-arm-PEG-CHO/polyethyleneimine (PEI) tissue adhesives as liquid first-aid supplies are developed via the dynamic Schiff base reaction for trauma emergency. It is found that the prepared hydrogel adhesives exhibit short and controlled gelation time (9∼88 s), strong adhesive strength, and excellent antibacterial ability. Their hemostatic and antimicrobial performances can be tailored by the mass ratio of four-arm-PEG-CHO/PEI. Moreover, in vitro biological assays display that the developed tissue adhesives possess satisfactory cyto/hemocompatibility. Importantly, in vivo the designed adhesives show fast hemostatic capacity and excellent anti-infection as compared to commercial Prontosan gel. Thus, this work indicates that the four-arm-PEG-CHO/PEI first-aid tissue adhesives display great potential for wound emergency management.

Antibacterial quaternary ammonium chitosan/carboxymethyl starch/alginate sponges with enhanced hemostatic property for the prevention of dry socket

“…The hemostatic material should possess good biocompatibility to avoid delaying wound healing. Various sponges were co-cultured with L929 cells to assess their cytocompatibility using cell live/dead staining and CCK-8 assay, as fibroblasts are vital for wound healing ( He et al, 2021 ; Mei et al, 2021 ; Hao et al, 2022a ). The live/dead staining displayed in Figure 4A demonstrated that there were no significant differences in cell number and cell viability among sponges, and the cell viability was all higher than 98.5% ( Figure 4B ).…”

Recent advances in adhesive materials used in the biomedical field: adhesive properties, mechanism, and applications

“…Tissue repair aims to develop biological substitutes for the repair or improvement of defective tissues, organ structures, etc. 172,173 Therefore, the materials used are required to be highly biocompatible and non-immunogenic, and when used in the body, also require the material to be effective in a wet environment. [174][175][176] Due to their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and tissue affinity, 177 adhesive materials can play an important role in various aspects of tissue repair.…”

On-Demand Dissociable Antibacterial Self-Healing Hydrogel with Rapid Arginine-Related Biosynthesis Capacity to Promote Full-Thickness Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing

“…As shown in Figure 5A,B, the TNOTN and TNOTN−ACD hydrogels could effectively inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, as compared to the control group. Thanks to the strong antibacterial effect of the incorporated amine groups in the TNOTN block copolymers, 37 the TNOTN hydrogel was able to prevent the growth of S. aureus and E. coli with survival rates of 25 and 10%. By contrast, the TNOTN−ACD hydrogel could achieve a much better antibacterial performance to both bacteria and kill 94 and 95% of S. aureus and E. coli.…”