Injectable synthetic calcium hydroxylapatite ceramic microspheres (Coaptite) for passive fecal incontinence

Abstract

Coaptite is a promising and safe bulking agent for the treatment of passive fecal incontinence

Multicentre observational study of the Gatekeeper™ for faecal incontinence

“…The therapeutic approaches currently available range from non‐surgical options, including rehabilitation and biofeedback, to numerous surgical interventions with different levels of technical complexity1. Among the minimally invasive treatments, injectable bulking agents have been used extensively2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. However, the results are still controversial, resulting in some scepticism and disillusion19, 20, 21, 22, 23.…”

Successful implantation of physiologically functional bioengineered mouse internal anal sphincter

“…Injection of bulking agents like glutaraldehyde crosslinked collagen, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, etc., to improve sphincter function is accompanied by the danger of allergy and the possibility of migration of these particles into the lymphatic circulation, triggering a more severe allergic or foreign body response. Artificial anal sphincters could be implanted but present with the potential of device failure, infection of the electrodes, or severe foreign body reactions (11,20,29,30).The lack of an ideal therapeutic option for a disabling state such as FI has prompted our laboratory to develop a bioengineering solution focused on providing a positive remedy to FI due to degenerated IAS. We have previously bioengineered functional three-dimensional IAS constructs from mice, rabbits, and humans out of isolated circular smooth muscle cells from their respective internal anal sphincters (14,27).…”

“…Injection of bulking agents like glutaraldehyde crosslinked collagen, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, etc., to improve sphincter function is accompanied by the danger of allergy and the possibility of migration of these particles into the lymphatic circulation, triggering a more severe allergic or foreign body response. Artificial anal sphincters could be implanted but present with the potential of device failure, infection of the electrodes, or severe foreign body reactions (11,20,29,30).…”

Evaluation by three-dimensional anal endosonography of injectable silicone biomaterial (PTQ™) implants to treat fecal incontinence: long-term localization and relation with the deterioration of the continence

“…Since then, several series have been reported, with a 33-100 percent success rate in passive incontinence with different substances [4][5][6][7][8]. The silicone (PTQ TM ) is probably the most frequently used substance in implants and consequently, the substance with most reported experience.…”

“…Shafik [3] used polytetrafluoroethylene for the first time in 1993. Since then, treatments have been tested with many biological or synthetic substances (autologous fat [4], glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen [5], pyrolytic coalcoated beads [6,7], synthetic calcium hydroxylapatite ceramic microspheres [8], etc.) with different degrees of success.…”