Injectable TG-linked recombinant human collagen hydrogel loaded with bFGF for rat cranial defect repair

Advancements in drug-loaded hydrogel systems for bone defect repair

“… Polymer materials Source Composite hydrogel scaffold Results References Gelatin Natural GHPA The polymer can significantly induce the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell endothelial cells, and was also reported to reduce host macrophage activation [ 12 ] Gelatin Natural CG-CNPs The scaffold not only exhibited superior physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties, but also significantly inhibited the growth of gram positive/negative bacteria, and the CG-CNP 2 scaffolds are highly biocompatible, so it can be used to repair bone defects. [ 14 ] Collagen Natural rhCol The scaffold not only good biological properties, but also improves the utilization rate of bFGF and promotes the repair of rat skull defects by continuously releasing bFGF [ 20 ] Collagen Natural CHCS The scaffold not only exhibit increased mechanical strength, but have also been shown to accelerate the repair of bone defects by promoting collagen and new bone formation [ 21 ] Hyaluronic acid Natural HAP + HA 1 -ALG HAP enhanced mechanical strength of composite hydrogel scaffold and the hydrogel system loaded with exosomes can significantly enhance bone regeneration. [ 30 ] Alginate Natural HAP/CS-ALG As the content of HAP was increased, the porosity of the scaffold decreased, and in vivo experiments in mice revealed that the composite scaffold significantly promoted bone formation [ 34 ] Chitosan Natural MgFe-LDH nanosheet + chitosan/silk fibroin This system not only enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but also resulted in the release of PDGF and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in turn promoting the regeneration of vascular cells and bone [ 40 ] Silk fibroin Natural SF@TA@HA 2 The inorganic organic hybrid hydrogel not only significantly improved hydrogel performance, but also promoted bone defect regeneration in the early stage [ 45 ] ...…”

“…In addition, the three-dimensional skeleton of Col possesses functional groups coupled with a variety of factors or molecules, so collagen-based hydrogels have been used as scaffold materials or carriers to treat bone and cartilage defects. For example, the recombinant human collagen (rhCol) hydrogel scaffold loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibits not only good biological properties, but also improves the utilization rate of bFGF and promotes the repair of rat skull defects by continuously releasing bFGF [ 20 ]. The application of Col hydrogel in bone tissue engineering has been limited due to its insufficient mechanical strength and fast rate of degradation in physiological conditions.…”

Unraveling the genetic basis of the causal association between inflammatory cytokines and osteonecrosis

“…Interestingly, however, it has been shown that bFGF in combination with BMP-2 and VEGF promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs ( 58 ). It has also been consequently investigated as a promising agent for promoting bone tissue healing ( 59 , 60 ), contributing to the development of novel materials to promote bone tissue healing. As a versatile factor, bFGF is anticipated to emerge as a new therapeutic target for preventing osteonecrosis and promoting bone tissue healing.…”

Injectable smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels: pioneering advancements in biomedical applications

“…In addition, Guo et al designed a new injectable hydrogel based on a tailored recombinant human collagen (rhCol) composed of partial fragments from human type I and type III collagens, which could crosslink with transglutaminase (TG) and then carry basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to promote bone repair. 128 The rhCol-based injectable hydrogel had a porous structure with satisfactory mechanical properties, and contributed to cell migration, adhesion and proliferation.…”