Injection of Acanthaster planci with thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar (TCBS). II. Histopathological changes

Rivera-Posada, Jairo; Pratchett, Morgan S.; Owens, Leigh

doi:10.3354/dao02400

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, NCBI Blast results placed V. echinoideorum with the highest total-score for of the top 5 ASVs with the largest fold-change when comparing Naïve to Exposed sea stars. Additionally, a 2011 study focusing on population control methods of the Crown of thorns Sea Star, Acanthaster planci, used a thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar (TCBS) to selectively stimulate the growth of Vibrionaceae species (Rivera-Posada et al, 2011a;Rivera-Posada et al, 2011b). Not only did the TCBS stimulation of Vibrionaceae species elicit SSW-like signs and mortality, but a follow up study in 2012 demonstrated an interspecies transmissibility of the TCBS-induced disease between different species of asteroids (Caballes et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial dysbiosis precedes signs of sea star wasting disease in wild populations of Pycnopodia helianthoides

et al. 2023

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Sea star wasting (SSW) disease, a massive and ongoing epidemic with unknown cause(s), has led to the rapid death and decimation of sea star populations with cascading ecological consequences. Changes in microbial community structure have been previously associated with SSW, however, it remains unknown if SSW-associated dysbiosis is a mechanism or artifact of disease progression, particularly in wild populations. Here, we compare the microbiomes of the sunflower sea star, Pycnopodia helianthoides, before (Naïve) and during (Exposed and Wasting) the initial outbreak in Southeast Alaska to identify changes and interactions in the microbial communities associated with sea star health and disease exposure. We found an increase in microbial diversity (both alpha and beta diversity) preceding signs of disease and an increase in abundance of facultative and obligate anaerobes (most notably Vibrio) in both Exposed (apparently healthy) and Wasting animals. Complementing these changes in microbial composition was the initial gain of metabolic functions upon disease exposure, and loss of function with signs of wasting. Using Bayesian network clustering, we found evidence of dysbiosis in the form of co-colonization of taxa appearing in large numbers among Exposed and Wasting individuals, in addition to the loss of communities associated with Naïve sea stars. These changes in community structure suggest a shared set of colonizing microbes that may be important in the initial stages of SSW. Together, these results provide several complementary perspectives in support of an early dysbiotic event preceding visible signs of SSW.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial dysbiosis precedes signs of sea star wasting disease in wild populations of Pycnopodia helianthoides

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, there are likely to be significant constraints on energy investment for CoTS towards the end of outbreaks following selective depletion of preferred coral prey (e.g., Acropora) if not comprehensive coral loss [178]. If crown-of-thorns starfish continue to invest disproportionately into immune defense even when prey are scarce, energy reserves will be depleted even more rapidly, thereby making individuals even more prone to disease [180,181].…”

Section: Question 6 (Adults)-what Is the Rate Of Predation On Adults mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirty Years of Research on Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (1986–2016): Scientific Advances and Emerging Opportunities

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Research on the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) has waxed and waned over the last few decades, mostly in response to population outbreaks at specific locations. This review considers advances in our understanding of the biology and ecology of CoTS based on the resurgence of research interest, which culminated in this current special issue on the Biology, Ecology and Management of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish. More specifically, this review considers progress in addressing 41 specific research questions posed in a seminal review by P. Moran 30 years ago, as well as exploring new directions for CoTS research. Despite the plethora of research on CoTS (>1200 research articles), there are persistent knowledge gaps that constrain effective management of outbreaks. Although directly addressing some of these questions will be extremely difficult, there have been considerable advances in understanding the biology of CoTS, if not the proximate and ultimate cause(s) of outbreaks. Moving forward, researchers need to embrace new technologies and opportunities to advance our understanding of CoTS biology and behavior, focusing on key questions that will improve effectiveness of management in reducing the frequency and likelihood of outbreaks, if not preventing them altogether.

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“…1C,D). These lesions could be a result of the lysis of connective tissues induced by opportunistic bacteria as shown in histopathological analyses of diseased A. planci (Rivera-Posada et al 2011b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific transmission and recovery of TCBS-induced disease between Acanthaster planci and Linckia guildingi

Caballes¹,

Schupp²,

Pratchett³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The susceptibility of the coral-feeding crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci to disease may provide an avenue with which to effectively control population outbreaks that have caused severe and widespread coral loss in the Indo-Pacific. Injecting thiosulfate-citrate-bilesucrose (TCBS) agar into A. planci tissues induced a disease characterized by dermal lesions, loss of skin turgor, collapsed spines, and accumulation of mucus on spine tips. Moreover, the symptoms (and presumably the agent) of this disease would spread rapidly intraspecifically, but interspecific transmission (to other species of echinoderms) is yet to be examined. Vibrio rotiferianus, which was previously reported as a pathogen isolated from lesions of experimentally infected A. planci, was also recovered from Linckia guildingi lesions after several days of direct contact with diseased A. planci, demonstrating disease transmission. However, all L. guildingi fully recovered after 31 ± 16 d. Further studies are in progress to understand the ecology of Vibrio infection in A. planci and the potential transmission risk to corals, fishes, and other echinoderms to evaluate whether injections of TCBS could be a viable tool for controlling A. planci outbreaks.

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Injection of Acanthaster planci with thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar (TCBS). II. Histopathological changes

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Microbial dysbiosis precedes signs of sea star wasting disease in wild populations of Pycnopodia helianthoides

Microbial dysbiosis precedes signs of sea star wasting disease in wild populations of Pycnopodia helianthoides

Thirty Years of Research on Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (1986–2016): Scientific Advances and Emerging Opportunities

Interspecific transmission and recovery of TCBS-induced disease between Acanthaster planci and Linckia guildingi

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