Injection of Fluids Into Supercritical Environments

Oschwald, Michael; Smith, Joshua; Branam, Richard; Hussong, Jeanette; Schik, A.; Chehroudi, Bruce; Talley, Douglas G.

doi:10.1080/00102200500292464

Cited by 305 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Supercritical fluids are applied as solvents in food-and pharmaceutical processing [3,4] and as propellants [5,6]. Nonetheless, our understanding of these thermodynamic states is still limited: it has become clear that the notion of the supercritical state-space as a featureless domain has to be revised: Experiments show that in extension to the subcritical coexistence line (CL), there exists a supercritical crossover line across which fluid properties change continuously from a liquid-like to a gas-like state over a small temperature interval [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity law for Widom lines and coexistence lines

2017

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity law for Widom lines and coexistence lines

2017

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“…However, only a few sets of quantitative experimental data have been made public compared with data on incompressible variable-density jets [7]. To the best of the authors£ knowledge, Raman-scattering-based density pro¦les of transcritical nitrogen jets are the only quantitative data that have been published [1,8]. These pro¦les showed that the spatial growth rate of transcritical jets agrees with those predicted by the theoretical equations and measurements for incompressible variable-density turbulent jets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Cryogenic oxygen at an initially subcritical temperature is injected into an environment that exceeds the critical pressure and temperature (5.04 MPa and 154.6 K, respectively). The thermodynamic change from subcritical temperature to supercritical temperature under supercritical pressures is called ¤transcritical¥ [1]. The pseudocritical temperatures under transcritical conditions correspond to the boiling temperatures at subcritical pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature measurement of cryogenic nitrogen jets at supercritical pressure

Tani

Teramoto

Toki

et al. 2016

Progress in Propulsion Physics

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The temperatures of transcritical and supercritical nitrogen jets were measured to explore the in §uence of ¤pseudovaporization¥ upon cryogenic propellant mixing in high-pressure rocket chambers. Pseudovaporization is the large thermodynamic transition near the pseudocritical temperature under transcritical conditions, which can include a drastic density change and large peak of isobaric speci¦c heat. A decline in the rise of temperature along the jet centerline of the transcritical jet was caused at the position where the local temperature reached nearpseudocritical temperature. This can be considered to be due to the large peak of isobaric speci¦c heat. The density jump appeared near the pseudocritical temperature, which can be correlated to the sudden expansion due to pseudovaporization. The axial pro¦les of the temperature and density of the supercritical jet monotonically increased and decreased, respectively, in the downstream region of the end of the jet potential core. Similar to the axial pro¦les, the radial pro¦les of the temperature were in §uenced by the pseudovaporization ¡ i. e., the temperature rise in the radial direction became very shallow in the region where the local temperature was still lower than the pseudocritical temperature. The full width at half maximum of the density pro¦les stayed almost constant further downstream of the end of the jet potential core, whereas that of the mass fraction pro¦les of the incompressible variable-density jet began to increase near the end of the potential core. Hence, the evolutions of jet mixing layers of transcritical jets and variable-density jets can be considered to di¨er due to pseudovaporization. NOMENCLATURE SymbolsD inner diameter of injector, 2 mm h speci¦c enthalpy

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“…The experiments by Oschwald et al [5] show these di¨erences, perhaps, most clearly. In one of their experiments, liquid nitrogen was injected at subcritical temperature (T ≈ 110 K, whereas T c (N 2 ) = 126 K) into a chamber ¦lled with nitrogen at supercritical temperature (300 K), varying the chamber pressure from a sub-to supercritical value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental investigation of isolated acetone droplets at ambient and near-critical conditions, injected in a nitrogen atmosphere

Oldenhof

Weckenmann

Lamanna

et al. 2013

Progress in Propulsion Physics

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A new experimental setup is presented to investigate free falling acetone droplets at ambient to near-critical temperatures, injected in a heated and pressurized nitrogen atmosphere. Important considerations for the design are: a high reproducibility of the experiments, control of the temperature of the generated droplet independent from that of the chamber, and the homogeneity of the surroundings. In the reported experiments, chamber temperatures range from 293 to 523 K, chamber pressures from 1 to 60 bar and acetone injection temperatures from 293 to 466 K. The reproducibility of all experiments is found to be excellent when the chamber temperature is low (318 K or less). The droplet diameters under these circumstances are reproducible within 1%, even at the highest pressure of 60 bar. The droplet detachment time relatively to the external trigger is also very reproducible, within 0.5 ms. At higher chamber temperatures, the droplets are more sensitive to disturbances, but can still be created ¤on-demand.¥ The novel experimental setup is thus capable of generating reliable and comparable experiments at high pressures and temperatures up to supercritical chamber conditions.

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Injection of Fluids Into Supercritical Environments

Cited by 305 publications

References 33 publications

Similarity law for Widom lines and coexistence lines

Similarity law for Widom lines and coexistence lines

Temperature measurement of cryogenic nitrogen jets at supercritical pressure

Experimental investigation of isolated acetone droplets at ambient and near-critical conditions, injected in a nitrogen atmosphere

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