“…Of all the processes occurring during male maturation, the development of the reproductive system undoubtedly has the greatest impact on male reproductive success; it generally includes the production of seminal fluids and mucus matter by the seminal vesicles and accessory glands and the migration of spermatozoa from the testes to the seminal vesicles [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The seminal fluids contain proteins, sugars, and phospholipids, and the accessory secretions are composed of cyclic peptides and fatty acids that create a viscous texture that will serve as mating plugs; these gland products are transferred to the female during copulation, where they protect the sperm and maintain its viability, but also induce physiological and behavioral changes in the female’s body that increase the chances of successful insemination by the male [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. In honeybees, studies have demonstrated that larval nutrition plays a central role in determining male reproductive quality, while protein intake during adulthood has no effect on sperm quality [ 6 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”