Injection techniques in dynamic flow-through analysis with electroanalytical sensors

Electrochemical detection in liquid flow analytical techniques: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

“…Flow-injection analysis (FIA) implies a nonsegmented FA in which the liquid analyte and/or reagent is injected into a nonsegmented flowing stream of inert or reacting carrier solution (often called carrier solution) and the analyte, reagent, or a chemical reaction product is detected downstream [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Injection means forming a well-defined zone of the analyte or reagent sample within the analyzer channel, where the zone disperses in a controlled manner on its way toward and through the detection cell.…”

Application of sequential-injection analysis as process analyzers

“…Despite the fact that mixing chambers have certain undesired properties such as large dead volumes and that they cause a hold-up effect, they offer some distinct advantages, for example, in the use of mixing of liquids with different viscosities [109]. Mixing chambers were initially used in sequential-injection analysis to dilute highly concentrated samples [38,102] or to ensure adequate mixing when three or more zones were involved [64,92,93,110].…”

Selective voltammetric detection based on adsorptive preconcentration for flow injection analysis

“…This demand and the availability of highquality digital data bases have led to new research into methods for computerized spectral identification. Some of this research has been described in a number of recent papers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”