Injuries Due to Law Enforcement Use of Force in the United States, 2006-2015: Trends in Severity and by Race

Strömmer, Ellen M F; Leith, Wendy M.; Zeegers, Maurice P.; Freeman, Michael

doi:10.1007/s40615-023-01733-z

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A study by Strömmer et al [2] provides evidence that over time, law enforcement forces in the United States are causing more frequent and serious injuries to civilians. Taking a macro approach to programs, research studies conducted by Staller et al [3] suggest pitfalls in the design of training objectives and the actual program, leading to a lack of alignment between training outcomes and the expected performance of novice police officers in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomic Evaluation of the Use of force in the training of the Local Police of Cádiz (Spain) by REBA and Marras

Vera-Jiménez,

Villero-Carro,

Pastor-Fernández

et al. 2024

Preprint

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(1) Background: This text emphasizes concerns regarding the safety of Spanish police officers at-tributed to inadequate training, employing biomechanics for the analysis and mitigation of risks during Use of Force training. The elevated global prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders under-scores the imperative for effective occupational health measures. The study concentrates on evalu-ating injury risks in novice police officers during Use of Force training. (2) Research method: The movements of police officers were captured using a Rokoko Smartsuit Pro equipped with 19 sen-sors. The Biomechanics of Bodies software processed the data, providing REBA and Marras risk scores. Statistical tests were conducted, and Operational Tactical Procedures (OTP) were inte-grated into police training. A diverse group of officers participated, categorized by training level and equipped with the Rokoko Smartsuit. (3) Results: The study evaluates police force training us-ing REBA and Marras methods. REBA scores indicate a moderate to high injury risk, suggesting effective technique design. ANOVA reveals no significant differences between training levels. Marras analysis, characterized by non-normal distribution, unveils varied risk perceptions among groups via the Kruskal-Wallis test. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of both the REBA and Marras methods implies the effectiveness of the OTP technique in reducing injury risks across dif-ferent training levels. The ANOVA test indicates no significant differences in REBA Maximum Scores between the groups. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test for Marras Probability of high-risk values suggests distinctions in medians between training levels. The combined analysis visually illustrates variations in membership regions between expert, intermediate, and novice groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomic Evaluation of the Use of force in the training of the Local Police of Cádiz (Spain) by REBA and Marras

Vera-Jiménez,

Villero-Carro,

Pastor-Fernández

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to a study by Strömmer, E.M.F. [2], there is evidence that over time, law enforcement forces in the United States are inflicting more frequent and serious injuries to civilians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Ergonomic Parameters as a Method to Evaluate the Training at Cadiz Public Security School on the Use of Police Force of Candidates to Become Local Police Officers in Andalucía.

Vera-Jiménez,

Villero-Carro,

Gonzalez-Herrera3

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ABSTRACT(1) Background:. Because of the numerous debates about the training on the use of force provided to police officers, this study intends to evaluate several parameters (Police Ergonomic Parameters, PEP) in connection with such training. (2) Research method: : A smartsuit equipped with a set of 19 wireless sensors including triaxial accelerometers, Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), gyroscopes and geomagnetic sensors has been used. Biomechanics of Body (BoB) software application allowed to evaluate the risks associated to the basic technique number 1 of the Operational Tactical Procedures (OTP) with regard to the established parameters (PEP). The OTP basic technique number 1 was performed by 4 novice police officers. (3) Results: According to the evaluation of a number of specific parameters such as Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), asymmetry over the sagittal plane, compression force at the L5-pelvic junction, shear force at the L5-pelvic junction and total muscle power, it was observed that the measured values clearly varied depending on each individual's performance, although they remained consistent with the values established by Police Ergonomic Parameters, and were significantly different from the values measured when a police officer used a traditional physical intervention procedure, in which case, the values measured were indicative of higher risks. (4) Conclusions: In order to achieve lower and more uniform values in terms of risk, we believe that it is necessary to employ a greater number of hours to the training of police officers on the use of force and also the convenience of conducting further studies on a larger and more representative sample of officers.

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Injuries Due to Law Enforcement Use of Force in the United States, 2006-2015: Trends in Severity and by Race

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Ergonomic Evaluation of the Use of force in the training of the Local Police of Cádiz (Spain) by REBA and Marras

Ergonomic Evaluation of the Use of force in the training of the Local Police of Cádiz (Spain) by REBA and Marras

Police Ergonomic Parameters as a Method to Evaluate the Training at Cadiz Public Security School on the Use of Police Force of Candidates to Become Local Police Officers in Andalucía.

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