Injuries in Special Transportation Services for Elderly and Disabled—A Multi-Methodology Approach to Estimate Incidence and Societal Costs

Bylund, Per-Olof; Wretstrand, Anders; Falkmer, Torbjörn; Lövgren, Anna; Petzäll, Jan

doi:10.1080/15389580601175268

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since driving is often not an option for individuals with a disability (Mengue-Topio, Courbois, Farran, & Sockeel, 2011;Risser, Iwarsson, & Ståhl, 2012), public transport is often the most readily available form of transportation for adults with disabilities. This is primarily because public transport does not rely on the availability of family and friends and is cost effective (Bylund, Wretstrand, Falkmer, Lövgren, & Petzäll, 2007;Davies et al, 2010;Gentry et al, 2011). Unfortunately, there is limited research that addresses the viewpoints of individuals with cognitive disabilities and their ability to effectively transport themselves within the community (Risser et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoints of adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders on public transport

Falkmer

Barnett

Horlin

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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Background: Public transport is low cost, allows for independence, and facilitates engagement and participation for non-drivers. However, the viewpoints of individuals with cognitive disabilities are rarely considered. In Australia, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is approximately 1% and increasing. Many individuals with ASD do not possess a driver's licence, indicating that access to public transport is crucial for their independence. However, at present, there is no research on the opinions of adults with ASD on public transport. Aim: To identify the viewpoints of adults with ASD regarding the barriers and facilitators of public transport usage and their transportation preferences, and to contrast these against the viewpoints of neurotypical adults. Methods: Q methodology was used to identify the viewpoints of both participant groups on public transport. Participants consisted of 55 adults with a diagnosis of ASD and a contrast group of 57 neurotypical adults. Both groups completed a Q sort task which took place in either Perth or Melbourne, Australia. Results: The most prominent viewpoint indicated that both groups preferred to use public transport over driving and believed that it supported their independence. This viewpoint also indicated that both groups preferred to use electronic ticketing when using public transport. Interestingly, the second most prominent viewpoint indicated that both groups preferred to drive themselves by private car rather than use public transport. Discussion: It appears that the viewpoints of adults with and without ASD regarding public transportation were largely similar. However, questions arose about whether the preference for public transport in the ASD group may be more a result of difficulties obtaining a driving licence than a deliberate choice. The only barrier specified by adults with ASD related to crowding on public transport. Safety and convenience in relation to location and timing of services were barriers reported by neurotypical adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoints of adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders on public transport

Falkmer

Barnett

Horlin

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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“…However, taking into account the fact that all four materials in the study pointed towards more or less consistent incidence figures, ranging from 9.7 to 10.1 injuries per 100,000 trips, it could be argued that the results are fairly reliable. The study by Bylund et al [13] estimated incidence rates ranging from 1.5 to 5.6 injuries per 100,000 trips for both ambulant and wheelchair-seated STS passengers. This comparison underscores the fact that wheelchair users are a particularly vulnerable group of STS passengers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many injuries are related to non-crash events, such as abrupt braking and boarding/alighting [7]. This, in turn, further suggests that a different approach than the traditional crash investigation has to be adopted, namely a traveler/incident perspective, previously used in the studies of bus and coach injuries [8,12,13]. An incident is defined as an injury event resulting in a personal injury, measured in terms of maximum AIS (MAIS), according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) [14].…”

Section: Special Transportation Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current study limited the scope to demand-responsive road transport and the use of M 1 , M 2 and M 3 vehicles within STS. For further descriptions of the approach, see also Bylund et al [13].…”

Section: Aim and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, these parameters remain unknown for Swedish conditions. However, Bylund et al [13] have made an initial attempt including all STS passengers (ambulant as well as wheelchair-seated passengers).…”

Section: Special Transportation Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injuries in special transport services—Situations and risk levels involving wheelchair users

Wretstrand

Bylund²,

Petzäll

et al. 2010

Medical Engineering & Physics

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a b s t r a c tPrevious research has shown that wheelchair-seated passengers using special transportation services (STS) have been injured without being involved in a vehicle crash. In order to estimate incident rate and societal costs for these vehicle-related injuries, the focus needs to be adjusted towards a traveler/incidentoriented perspective. The aim of the project was to utilize such a perspective, related to travelers using STS in Sweden.In order to address the chosen perspective, a mixed method approach was used, involving quantitative as well as qualitative research techniques applied on four different sets of data: one hospital-based record, two sets of STS incident report databases, and interviews with wheelchair-seated STS passengers.The results showed that the injury incidence rate in STS is considerable, i.e. 10 per 100,000 trips. However, this high incidence rate is not due to road traffic collisions, but to non-collision injury incidents involving many elderly and frail passengers, who easily sustain traumas ranging from minor to moderate. The costs were estimated to be 23 million USD per annum or 14 USD per trip. Results suggest that future injury prevention measures should focus on safety in boarding and alighting procedures, as well as the continuing development of WTORS.

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Estimated societal costs of a hierarchical measures approach to enhanced school transportation safety at bus stops on roads with high speed limits

Falkmer

Renner

Anund

2010

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Purpose Most school bus related injury events in Sweden take place when the child is outside the bus. In order to enhance their safety, the societal costs of four different measures applied on "bus stops" on high speed roads were investigated. Methods From a door-to-door perspective, a measure hierarchy, comprising the four existing measures, viz.: Rerouting using the current operating vehicle, New construction, Rerouting using a different operating vehicle, Speed reduction in the vicinity of the "bus stop" was applied.

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Injuries in Special Transportation Services for Elderly and Disabled—A Multi-Methodology Approach to Estimate Incidence and Societal Costs

Abstract: Future injury prevention measures should thus focus on safety in entering and exiting procedures.

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Viewpoints of adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders on public transport

Viewpoints of adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders on public transport

Injuries in special transport services—Situations and risk levels involving wheelchair users

Estimated societal costs of a hierarchical measures approach to enhanced school transportation safety at bus stops on roads with high speed limits

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