Injuries to elite male cricketers in Australia over a 10-year period

Orchard, John; James, Trefor; Portus, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.001

Cited by 138 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, fast bowlers have injury prevalence of approximately 15% (Orchard et al 2006), rates similar to those reported for contact sports such as Australian Rules football (Orchard et al, 2002) and Rugby Union (Brooks et al, 2005). The most prevalent injury among fast bowlers is non-dominant side lumbar stress fracture (Orchard et al, 2006). High peak ground reaction forces during the front foot contact phase of the fast bowling action are believed to be a major contributor to these lower back injuries (Bartlett et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Cricket is generally considered to be a relatively low-injury sport, with only around five percent of elite players being unavailable to play due to injury at any given time (Orchard et al, 2006;Mansingh et al, 2006;Stretch, 2003;Newman, 2003). However, fast bowlers have injury prevalence of approximately 15% (Orchard et al 2006), rates similar to those reported for contact sports such as Australian Rules football (Orchard et al, 2002) and Rugby Union (Brooks et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of cricket fast bowlers’ front leg technique on peak ground reaction forces

Worthington

King

Ranson

2013

Journal of Sports Sciences

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High ground reaction forces during the front foot contact phase of the bowling action are believed to be a major contributor to the high prevalence of lumbar stress fractures in fast bowlers. This study aimed to investigate the influence of front leg technique on peak ground reaction forces during the delivery stride. Three-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction forces during the front foot contact phase were captured for 20 elite male fast bowlers. Eight kinematic parameters were determined for each performance, describing run-up speed and front leg technique, in addition to peak force and time to peak force in the vertical and horizontal directions. There were substantial variations between bowlers in both peak forces (vertical 6.7 ± 1.4 body weights; horizontal (braking) 4.5 ± 0.8 body weights) and times to peak force (vertical 0.03 ± 0.01 s; horizontal 0.03 ± 0.01 s). These differences were found to be linked to the orientation of the front leg at the instant of front foot contact. In particular, a larger plant angle and a heel strike technique were associated with lower peak forces and longer times to peak force during the front foot contact phase, which may help reduce the likelihood of lower back injuries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of cricket fast bowlers’ front leg technique on peak ground reaction forces

Worthington

King

Ranson

2013

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Methods for this survey have been described previously. [14] The methods used for Cricket Australia injury surveillance are non-interventional, conform to the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) and have been approved by the Cricket Australia Sports Science Sports Medicine Advisory Group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the effect of previous injury on subsequent injury is well established across a number of sports. [1,2] Secondly, workload and workload variation have been identified as major risk factors for fast bowling injury. Both high and low overall bowling workloads have been identified as an injury risk factor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Different tissue type categories of overuse injuries to cricket fast bowlers have different severity and incidence which varies with age

Blanch¹

2016

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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Background. Cricket fast bowlers have a high incidence of injury and have been the subject of previous research investigating the effects of previous injury, workload and technique. Bone stress injuries are of particular concern as they lead to prolonged absences from the game, with younger bowlers appearing to be at particular risk. Objectives. To investigate the variation in severity and incidence of injury to different tissue types in fast bowlers and ascertain whether age is a significant risk factor for these injuries. Methods. A retrospective analysis of match bowling exposure in 215 separate fast bowlers over a 14-year period was undertaken. This information was amalgamated with injury surveillance data providing information on the incidence, location, tissue type and severity of injury. Age of the bowler was determined and the bowlers were stratified into five age groups to determine the influence of age on the injury variables. Results. Younger bowlers (less than 22 years old) were 3.7-6.7 times more likely to suffer a bony injury than all the other age groups. Older bowlers (greater than 31 years old) were 2.2-2.7 times more likely to suffer a tendon injury than the 3 youngest groups.Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that younger age is a considerable risk factor in the development of bone stress injuries in cricket fast bowlers. In addition there appears to be a higher incidence of tendon injuries in older fast bowlers although this may be explained by the current classification system of joint impingement as a tendon injury.

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“…Professional cricket is generally considered a moderate risk sport with overall injury prevalence of approximately 10%, however one particular player type, fast bowlers, have injury prevalence exceeding 18%, a rate comparable to contact sports such as Rugby Union and Australian Football (Orchard et al, 2010). Fast bowler lumbar stress fracture is the single diagnosis that results in the most lost playing time (Orchard et al, 2006). These injuries occur predominantly on the opposite (non-dominant) side to the bowling arm (Gregory et al, 2004;Ranson et al, 2005;Ranson et al, 2010) with the highest ground reaction forces in cricket fast bowling occurring during front foot contact (Hurrion et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does maximising ball speed in cricket fast bowling necessitate higher ground reaction forces?

King

Worthington

Ranson

2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study aimed to investigate whether high peak ground reaction forces and high average loading rates are necessary to bowl fast. Kinematic and kinetic bowling data were collected for 20 elite male fast bowlers. A moderate non-significant correlation was found between ball speed and peak vertical ground reaction force with faster bowlers tending to have lower peak vertical ground reaction force (r = -0.364, P = 0.114). Faster ball speeds were correlated with both lower average vertical and lower average horizontal loading rates (r = -0.452, P = 0.046 and r = -0.484, P = 0.031 respectively). A larger horizontal (braking) impulse was associated with a faster ball speed (r = 0.574, P = 0.008) and a larger plant angle of the front leg (measured from the vertical) at front foot contact was associated with a larger horizontal impulse (r = 0.706, P = 0.001). These findings suggest that there does not necessarily need to be a trade-off between maximum ball release speed and the forces exerted on fast bowlers (peak ground reaction forces and average loading rates). Furthermore, it appears that one of the key determinants of ball speed is the horizontal impulse generated at the ground over the period from front foot contact until ball release.

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Injuries to elite male cricketers in Australia over a 10-year period

Cited by 138 publications

References 16 publications

The influence of cricket fast bowlers’ front leg technique on peak ground reaction forces

The influence of cricket fast bowlers’ front leg technique on peak ground reaction forces

Different tissue type categories of overuse injuries to cricket fast bowlers have different severity and incidence which varies with age

Does maximising ball speed in cricket fast bowling necessitate higher ground reaction forces?

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