Injury to aquatic resources caused by metals in Montana's Clark Fork River basin: historic perspective and overview

Phillips, Glenn R.; Lipton, Joshua

doi:10.1139/f95-190

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Nevertheless, they are necessary to demonstrate connections between biochemical, physiological and ecological parameters. Past investigations suggest that such relationships do exist (Roch et al, 1985;Bayne et al, 1988;Addison and Clarke, 1990;Phillips and Lipton, 1995), but more research is needed in this area.…”

Section: Significance Of Biochemical and Physiological Responses In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a concern with biochemical and physiological approaches to aquatic toxicology is that it is not always easy to interpret such endpoints in terms of population balance and ecosystem quality. In a few cases, serious attempts have been made to integrate endpoints at multiple levels of biological organization (Roch et al, 1985;Bayne et al, 1988;Addison and Clarke, 1990;Phillips and Lipton, 1995). Such studies are intrinsically difficult to manage and require thorough logistic and experimental planning.…”

Section: Significance Of Biochemical and Physiological Responses In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in fish

Olsson

Kling²,

Högstrand

1998

Metal Metabolism in Aquatic Environments

104

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INTRODUCTIONAs a result of mining, forestry, waste disposal and fuel combustion, our environment is becoming increasingly contaminated with heavy metals. The aquatic environment receives waste products from such activities and may be the final depository for these anthropogenic ally remobilized heavy metals. In order to understand the impact of heavy metals on aquatic biota it is important to characterize the mechanisms available for aquatic life to transport, immobilize and excrete heavy metals.Relatively little is known about the specific mechanisms of uptake of metals in cells of non-mammalian vertebrates. This chapter attempts to assemble available information on fish. In general, metals absorbed across the gills or the intestinal wall are distributed via the circulation, bound to transport proteins, to different tissues of the body. Within the tissues metals can participate in the essential life functions, but can also exert toxic actions, or be detoxified by binding to the protein, metallothionein (MT). The intracellular levels of essential metal are regulated by transporters (which translocate metals across the plasma membrane) as well as by MT and other metal-binding proteins. Metals themselves cannot be metabolized (using the strict definition of the term) and can only be eliminated from the body by excretion.Metals that enter the body will react with different components of the cell (Chapter 1). The heavy metals are soft donors and will therefore readily bind to soft acceptors, such as sulfhydryl-groups. MT is a low molecular weight cytosolic, cysteine-rich protein that binds group lB and 2B heavy metals (Olsson and Raux, 1985). Within the cells of the body, MT is the major heavy metal-binding protein (Dunn et ai., 1987). Environmental exposure of fish to heavy metals has been shown to result in primarily renal and hepatic accu-

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Section: Significance Of Biochemical and Physiological Responses In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significance Of Biochemical and Physiological Responses In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in fish

Olsson

Kling²,

Högstrand

1998

Metal Metabolism in Aquatic Environments

104

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“…Silver Bow Creek (SBC), a principal tributary to the upper CFR, flows west and north from Butte. Discharges of metal-contaminated wastes from mining and mineral-processing facilities in and around Butte resulted in extensive contamination of the SBC and its floodplain [19]. These wastes subsequently were carried downstream to the CFR, resulting in some 200 km of bed, bank, and floodplain contamination [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a live invertebrate diet pre‐exposed to metal‐contaminated sediments

Hansen

Lipton

Welsh

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed live diets of Lumbriculus variegatus cultured in metal-contaminated sediments from the Clark Fork River Basin (MT, USA), an uncontaminated reference sediment, or an uncontaminated culture medium. Fish were tested in individual chambers; individual growth as well as the nutritional quality and caloric value of each trout's consumed diet were determined. Growth was measured following 14, 28, 42, 56, and 67 d of exposure. A subset of fish was sampled at 35 d for whole-body metals. Metals (whole body, digestive tract, and liver) and histology were measured at the end of the test. We observed significant growth inhibition in trout fed the contaminated diets; growth inhibition was associated with reductions in conversion of food energy to biomass rather than with reduced food intake. Growth inhibition was negatively correlated with As in trout tissue residues. Histological changes in contaminated treatments included hepatic necrosis and degenerative alterations in gallbladder. The present study provides evidence that metal-contaminated sediments can pose a hazard to trout health through a dietary exposure pathway.

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“…Mining and smelting operations released an estimated 100 million metric tons of waste rock, tailings, and slag containing high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn into the river [2]. Storm events in the upper portion of the drainage have also produced highly elevated pulse concentrations of metals combined with reduced pH [4,5]. Storm events in the upper portion of the drainage have also produced highly elevated pulse concentrations of metals combined with reduced pH [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water in the upper CFR flows over and through contaminated river sediments and flood plain soils to produce ambient metal concentrations that frequently have exceeded both chronic and acute water quality criteria [1,3,4]. Storm events in the upper portion of the drainage have also produced highly elevated pulse concentrations of metals combined with reduced pH [4,5]. Thus, metal contamination from long-term mining and milling operations was suspected as a major cause of low trout populations within the river and lead to the designation of this river section as a Superfund site [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Avoidance: Possible Mechanism for Explaining Abundance and Distribution of Trout Species in a Metal-Impacted River

Hansen¹,

Woodward²,

Little³

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Behavioral avoidance of metal mixtures by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined in the laboratory under water quality conditions that simulated the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, USA. A metal mixture with a fixed ratio of observed ambient metal concentrations (12 g/L Cu:1.1 g/L Cd:3.2 g/L Pb:50 g/L Zn) was used to determine avoidance in a countercurrent avoidance chamber. Rainbow trout avoided all metal concentrations tested from 10 to 1,000% of the simulated ambient metal mixture. The behavioral response of rainbow trout to the metal mixture was more sensitive than the response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) previously reported from the same laboratory under the same experimental conditions. Additionally, rainbow trout that were acclimated to the simulated ambient metal mixture for 45 d preferred clean water and avoided higher metal concentrations. Therefore, our laboratory experiments on the behavioral avoidance responses of rainbow trout, as well as previously reported experiments on brown trout, show that both species will avoid typical metal concentrations observed on the Clark Fork River. And the greater sensitivity of rainbow trout to the metal mixture may explain, in part, why rainbow trout populations appear to be more severely affected, compared to brown trout populations, in the upper Clark Fork River.

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Injury to aquatic resources caused by metals in Montana's Clark Fork River basin: historic perspective and overview

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in fish

Mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in fish

Reduced growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a live invertebrate diet pre‐exposed to metal‐contaminated sediments

Behavioral Avoidance: Possible Mechanism for Explaining Abundance and Distribution of Trout Species in a Metal-Impacted River

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