“…3 clearly show excellent coverage of the surface of the thin film, there being no significant surface defects or cracks, after the CNT growth step, with a CNT forest present at the surface of the composite material after PECVD treatment. In comparison to our previous results, obtained using pure Pd nanoparticles to grow CNT forests in the absence of a mesoporous thin film [25][26][27][28], the CNTs grown herein show a smaller average diameter (20.6 ± 6.8 nm in [25] versus 10.7 ± 5.7 nm presently). This is a clear indication that the porous network of the titania film is not only able to efficiently adsorb the Pd nanoparticles, but that it also prevents their agglomeration at high temperature during the CNT growth process.…”