Inkjet-printed 3D micro-ring-electrode arrays for amperometric nanoparticle detection

Abstract

Chip-based impact electrochemistry can provide means to measure nanoparticles in solution by sensing their stochastic collisions on appropriately-polarized microelectrodes. However, a planar microelectrode array design still restricts the particle detection...

Origami‐Enabled Stretchable Electrodes Based on Parylene Deposition and 3D Printing

“…When patterning flat substrates, laser ablation has been shown to generate feedlines as small as 30 µm width for our laser system. [ 33 ] In the case of substrates with slanted features, such as sinusoidal grooves, we verified the patterning limits of the laser for feedlines running perpendicular to the grooves, both with respect to the smallest achievable width and the steepest patternable angle. Figure a shows the achievable feedline width for a sinusoidal mold of 300 µm height and 50° angle.…”

“…[31,32] They would become increasingly problematic given the depth and density of the envisaged 3D features involved for such molds. Laser ablation has been proposed as a fast and dry alternative to photolithography, [7,33,34] and laser markers often provide a 3D mapping feature to adjust the focus over known 3D designs.…”

Aerosol Jet-Printed High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Needle Electrode Arrays Applied for Human Cerebral Organoids and 3D Neurospheroid Networks

“…To study the synchrony of neural activities in cerebral organoids, they can be placed on the MnEA at a later stage to make measurements on more matured organoids, and the medium for electrophysiological measurements can be optimized. Even though spike-sorting algorithms can be used to discern different recordings sites in the 3D culture, further research should be directed at developing suitable passivation methods for the production of selective electrode openings on the tip or along the shaft of the μ-needle electrodes. , Locally confined signals could be obtained by varying the height and lateral position of the exposed electrodes within the array, e.g., using laser ablation. This would enable making selective measurements at targeted regions of the 3D architectures in the cerebral organoid.…”

Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry

“…MEAs also present an attractive approach to scale up the number of detected collision events and improve statistical analysis. Recent work has also demonstrated preparation of similar 3D ring MEAs using an inkjet printing approach . Additionally, on-chip MEAs embedded with a macroelectrode have been explored, with the 1000 times larger macroelectrode polarized to control particle motion towards the detecting microelectrodes, enabling studies of electrokinetic transport on impact electrochemistry .…”

“…Recent work has also demonstrated preparation of similar 3D ring MEAs using an inkjet printing approach. 72 Additionally, on-chip MEAs embedded with a macroelectrode have been explored, with the 1000 times larger macroelectrode polarized to control particle motion towards the detecting microelectrodes, enabling studies of electrokinetic transport on impact electrochemistry. 73 These works highlight the extensive applications of MEAs in stochastic collision electrochemistry.…”