Inland capture fisheries

Abstract

The reported annual yield from inland capture fisheries in 2008 was over 10 million tonnes, although real catches are probably considerably higher than this. Inland fisheries are extremely complex, and in many cases poorly understood. The numerous water bodies and small rivers are inhabited by a wide range of species and several types of fisher community with diversified livelihood strategies for whom inland fisheries are extremely important. Many drivers affect the fisheries, including internal fisheries management practices. There are also many drivers from outside the fishery that influence the state and functioning of the environment as well as the social and economic framework within which the fishery is pursued. The drivers affecting the various types of inland water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands may differ, particularly with regard to ecosystem function. Many of these depend on land-use practices and demand for water which conflict with the sustainability of the fishery. Climate change is also exacerbating many of these factors. The future of inland fisheries varies between continents. In Asia and Africa the resources are very intensely exploited and there is probably little room for expansion; it is here that resources are most at risk. Inland fisheries are less heavily exploited in South and Central America, and in the North and South temperate zones inland fisheries are mostly oriented to recreation rather than food production.

Análise etnoictiológica da pesca artesanal nas bacias hidrográficas dos Rios Uruguai e Jacuí­­, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

“…A diversificação do pescado devese à redução da produtividade pesqueira, com consequente exploração de maior variedade de espécies. Esse processo, conhecido por "fishing down", tem sido observado em vários estudos com pesca fluvial (ALLAN et al, 2005;WELCOMME et al, 2010;HALLWASS e SILVANO, 2015 (BERTOLETTI, 1985). A diminuição do pescado é outro aspecto preocupante, tendo sido citado por 65% e 92% dos pescadores na BHU e BHJ respectivamente.…”

“…Ela engloba diversas ações relatadas pelos pescadores, tais como: captura de espécimes de tamanho inferior ao permitido, como juvenis; pesca em período de piracema e em locais proibidos (lagos de barragens hidrelétricas, fora da margem permitida do rio e pesca em afluentes); pesca com petrechos de uso proibido (tarrafa, rede de emalhar inferior a sete centímetros entre nós (BHJ) e seis centímetros entre nós (BHU), covo, garateia e boia louca). A pesca ilegal gera danos colaterais significativos aos ecossistemas, como reduções de estoques pesqueiros, através da sobre-explotação destes recursos (PITCHER et al, 2002;AGNEW et al, 2011;WELCOMME et al, 2010). Além disso, a prática de tais ações é penalizada conforme os consta nos artigos 29 e 34 da Lei nº 9.605/98.…”

Conservation of freshwater biodiversity in key areas of the Colombian Amazon

“…Management of fishing is complex because of its multi-species using a variety of fishing areas and gears (as a response to changes in the river level), and diverse social, cultural and economic dynamics. This complexity can risk the activity due to the fact that multi-species, multi-gear fish assemblages and fisheries in inland waters respond to heavy fishing and the use of illegal methods (Welcomme et al 2010), therefore increases in fishing pressure (effort) will successively reduced and even lost larger individuals and species from the fishery until only the smaller species remain to form the basis for the fishery.…”

“…According to Welcomme et al (2010), smaller species are generally more biologically productive, and for this reason the catch level will remain the same despite an increase in the fishing pressure. For this reason the complexity of a multi-species fishery needs to be considered when assessing all fisheries in the South of the Trapezium.…”

Comparison of growth and reproduction of mirror carp and scaled carp introduced into Gelingüllü Reservoir, Yozgat, Turkey

“…The choice of species for culture depends on many factors, such as regional climatic conditions, vacant niche, biological characteristics of the preferred fish (i.e. growth rate, reproductive success, and disease resistance), and consumer preference (1)(2)(3). Cyprinus carpio, which has 4 basic domestic forms (scaled carp, line carp, mirror carp, and leather carp), is probably the oldest cultured and most domesticated fish in the world (4).…”