Inland Desalination: Challenges and Research Needs

Brady, Patrick V.; Kottenstette, Richard Joseph; Mayer, Thomas; Hightower, Marion Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1936-704x.2005.mp132001007.x

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…This result concurs with statements by others that for new desalination installations, the preferred approach is reverse osmosis [21,25 ]. However, Nisan and Dardour state that although RO production costs are less than MED, the RO produced freshwater has a residual salinity on the order of 200 ppm whereas the MED value is only 25 ppm [26].…”

Section: A Pacific Coast Solar Desalinationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Solar thermal electricity generation and desalination in the Southwestern United States

Kong

Holbert

2010

North American Power Symposium 2010

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There are direct links between water and energy use, sometimes referred to as the energy-water nexus. Water rights issues have confronted the southwestern U.S. for a long time. Furthermore, climate change is decreasing the already limited water resources in this region, and the growing population in the Southwest has also increased the consumption of freshwater. Here we study solar energy, which is abundant in the Southwest, as both an electric power source and the energy source to operate a desalination plant. We compare the use of different desalination technologies for seawater and brackish groundwater, which have different salinities. The data show that the dual-purpose reverse osmosis desalination plant is the most economical choice. However, since a multiple-effect desalination (MED) and a multistage-flash (MSF) can use waste heat for water production, desalinated water becomes a byproduct of the electric power plant, thus dual-purpose MED and MSF plants will be more economical than a single-purpose power plant. A MED plant using seawater or brackish water produces fresh water for $1.73/m 3 , while the costs are $2.811m 3 and $2.65/m 3 for a MSF plant using seawater and brackish water, respectively.

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Section: A Pacific Coast Solar Desalinationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Solar thermal electricity generation and desalination in the Southwestern United States

Kong

Holbert

2010

North American Power Symposium 2010

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“…(2015) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] www.deswater.com doi: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1024748 causes scaling problems, because the EDR process does not affect any uncharged species in the stream, avoiding their accumulation or aggromerization [4,5].…”

Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of operating conditions on ion removal from brackish water using a pilot-scale electrodialysis reversal system

Karimi

Ghassemi

2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TUnderstanding the effects of operating factors on ion removal in the electrodialysis/ electrodialysis reversal (ED/EDR) process can significantly benefit industrial applications, enabling process optimization through different combinations of operational factors. Several studies have shown the effects of specific operating factors on ion removal, and it has been established that superficial velocity influences ion removal. However, previous studies have yielded mixed results on whether increases in superficial velocity increase or decrease ion removal; also, since previous studies are based on laboratory-scale ED systems, the results may not be fully applicable to full-scale desalination due to differences in system characteristics such as membrane area, flow path, and degree of superficial velocity's effect on ion removal. Therefore, this experimental study employs a pilot-scale EDR system that is very similar to a full-scale system in order to explore the effects of applied voltage, superficial velocity, and feed water temperature on ion removal. Additionally, a conceptual explanation is developed to explain the inconclusive results from previous research. The findings of this experiment confirmed that increases in superficial velocity decreased ion removal, and this result can help predict and optimize full-scale operations. In the investigated ranges, increasing voltage and temperature resulted in increased ion removal, while increasing superficial velocity resulted in decreased ion removal. The experiments were conducted at the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in Alamogordo, NM, USA on a General Electric Company pilot-scale EDR system with a maximum product flow rate of 45 L/min, using brackish water with a conductivity of 1,700 μS/cm.

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“…The brine discharge in inland desalination plants remains a problem with few viable alternatives [1][2][3][4]. Diluting the brine in a water stream is not a feasible option as a small variation in the salinity levels of lakes and inland water courses can pose a serious environmental threat [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of the reject brine from inland desalination for fish farming, Spirulina cultivation, and irrigation of forage shrub and crops

2015

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Inland Desalination: Challenges and Research Needs

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

Solar thermal electricity generation and desalination in the Southwestern United States

Solar thermal electricity generation and desalination in the Southwestern United States

Effects of operating conditions on ion removal from brackish water using a pilot-scale electrodialysis reversal system

Uses of the reject brine from inland desalination for fish farming, Spirulina cultivation, and irrigation of forage shrub and crops

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