Inlet Spacing Considering the Risk Associated to Runoff. Application to Streets and Critical Points of the City of Barcelona

Gómez, Manuel; Sanchez, Homer; Malgrat, Pere; Castillo, Francisca; Sunyer, David; Nanía, Leonardo S.

doi:10.1061/40644(2002)276

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…If the maximum flow depth is limited to 3 cm, then the limitations are inescapable and become a major restriction to spacing consideration (Figure 5), which is consistent with the conclusion of Wong and Moh [19], who found exponential increase in inlet spacing with increasing maximum spacing. (This means decreasing maximum flow depths (as Gomez et al [20] suggest) or the spread results in drastic variations).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Wong and Moh [19] analyzes spacing (dismissing hydroplaning), also using fixed spread for the inlets used in Singapore. Gomez et al [20], however, limit the maximum flow depth at the curb to 3 cm, stating that it is the "sole thickness of a normal shoe"; the 3 cm limit is also what Moftakhari et al [21] set as the start of nuisances that are considered to disrupt daily routines. HEC-22, the urban drainage design manual of US Department of Transportation, provides guidance for locating inlets, starting from the ones that must be prioritized based on geometric control (e.g., at sags and pedestrian crosswalks).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Slope Orientation on Inlet Spacing: Gutter Flow Analyses

Cavdar

Uyumaz

2022

Applied Sciences

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A roadway’s capacity to drain itself is of utmost importance for the safety and comfort of its users. Standing water and any amount of channelized flow on roadways create nuisances to the users, and the extent of encroachment into the lanes and the water-film thickness over the lanes are crucial for motorists with relatively high speed. Guidelines cover a wide range of subjects from size and type of inlets, which capture the channelized flow for conveyance into enclosed drains, to the decision for slope orientation, but the guidelines seem to lack in checking the depth of channelized flow. HEC-22 (the urban drainage design manual of US Department of Transportation) endorses limiting the flow depths to curb height (as if the concern is no longer the roadway users) and fixes the criterion for the inlet spacing (restricted to 90 to 150 m) to maximum allowable flow spreads. This study analyzed the maximum allowable inlet spacing via setting three criteria: fixed maximums to flow depth, spread for the channel flow, and to over-lane water-film thickness. The impact of slope orientation on inlet spacing is tested along with some other factors for roadways of two types (local and highway). The results were graphed for various uniform slope orientations under a wide range of rainfall intensities for the determined inlet spacing values. This was performed by combining a kinematic wave equation solution to dismiss the conditions that lead to hydroplaning depths when using the Rational Method and Manning’s equation to obtain water depths and inlet spacings for an inlet of full capture capacity. It is found that the allowable spacing values do not constitute any major restrictions in highway setting (3 m shoulder) in terms of recommended spacing. In the local setting, however, with a maximum spread of 1.8 m, maximum allowable inlet spacing becomes a limitation in many orientations, and slope optimization under such conditions becomes crucial at times when providing the same spacing for two orientations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Slope Orientation on Inlet Spacing: Gutter Flow Analyses

Cavdar

Uyumaz

2022

Applied Sciences

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Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both grates, along with grate 3, were used for the numerical simulation in Flow 201 3D. Grates were examined previously in [14,15,52], and grate 2 was tested during the pe-202 riod of internship of Amezaga-Kutija [53]. with a width of 3 m and a total length of 5.5 m, where a single inlet can be tested (Figure 1).…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both grates, along with grate 3, were used for the numerical simulation in Flow 3D. Grates were examined previously in [14,15,52], and grate 2 was tested during the period of internship of Amezaga-Kutija [53]. The platform has the potential to be tilted in both the longitudinal direction (0-10%) as well as in the transverse direction (0-4%).…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate Discharge Coefficients and Energy Loss Coefficients in Pressurized Grated Inlets

et al. 2021

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Numerical models concerning inlet systems are run to assess the hydraulic performance of existing or new systems and estimate the flow interchanges between the surface overland and sewer flows. In most programs, these interactions are modelled using the orifice equation, with estimated discharge coefficients around 0.6. In this paper, discharge values and energy loss coefficients for several pressurized grated inlets were obtained by experimental and numerical approaches and compared. To achieve these goals, a numerical model replicating several experimental tests carried out at the hydraulic laboratory of Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) was produced using a CFD model (Flow 3D). This numerical model was found to be highly sensitive to the mesh size used; however, it was able to accurately simulate the experimental processes. The comparison considered different combinations of pressurized flow though the grate, between 10 to 50 l/s, and different longitudinal gradients. The experimental discharge coefficient was found to increase with surcharging flowrate (ranging from 0.14 and 0.41), whereas the longitudinal gradient was found to have no effect. The discharge coefficients obtained in this study show that the standard 0.6 value commonly used by practitioners should be revised to a range between 0.14 to 0.41, depending on circulating flow and inlet type. In addition, the loss coefficient values range from 0.25 to 3.41.

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Experimental analysis of road surface flow characteristics

Jo,

Kim

2024

Journal of Hydrology

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Inlet Spacing Considering the Risk Associated to Runoff. Application to Streets and Critical Points of the City of Barcelona

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Slope Orientation on Inlet Spacing: Gutter Flow Analyses

Impact of Slope Orientation on Inlet Spacing: Gutter Flow Analyses

Numerical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate Discharge Coefficients and Energy Loss Coefficients in Pressurized Grated Inlets

Experimental analysis of road surface flow characteristics

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