Inline additively manufactured functionally graded multi-materials: microstructural and mechanical characterization of 316L parts with H13 layers

Effect of Compositional Variation Induced by EBM Processing on Deformation Behavior and Phase Stability of Austenitic Cr-Mn-Ni TRIP Steel

“…The principle of chemical grading has been implemented many times by means of laser metal deposition (also referred to as direct energy deposition), i.e., laserassisted freeform fabrication, and has been reported for various material combinations. [68][69][70][71][72][73] Similar results for powder bed-based AM have been obtained by Hengsbach et al and Liu et al through L-PBF processing of dissimilar material combinations, i.e., AISI 316L with H13 54 and 316L with a Cu alloy, 74 respectively. However, an obvious issue that arises upon multi-material processing is adequate powder recycling, i.e., post-processing separation of the mixed, unmelted powders.…”

“…It will be shown that the phase transformation kinetics, as well as the prevailing microstructural constituents upon tensile deformation, can be varied, as less Mn yields higher bcc a¢ and lower hexagonal e martensite fractions. This novel approach has two main advantages compared to alternative methods: (1) the powder can be reused without any elaborate recycling steps, i.e., no separation of different powder feedstocks is necessary as in the case of approaches using different ingot powders; 54 and (2) the specimens are characterized by almost isotropic properties. The latter aspect contributes the major difference to an alternative approach only using a single ingot powder, i.e., the fabrication of specimens with diverging behavior induced by direct microstructure design, i.e., a process-induced change in grain morphology from equiaxed to columnar grains, inevitably yielding a certain degree of mechanical anisotropy.…”

Recent progress and scientific challenges in multi-material additive manufacturing via laser-based powder bed fusion

“…In multi-material L-PBF processes, the mixed flow of dissimilar elements in the molten pool can occur at the sharp material interface or in the FGM structure. Figure 4-b shows the microstructure of sharp material interfaces of bimetals with similar physical properties processed by L-PBF (Hengsbach et al 2018). Figure 4-c shows the microstructure of the FGM of bimetals with significantly different physical properties ).…”

“…These three factors make L-PBF suitable for processing Ni-SS FGMs (Carroll et al 2016). Hengsbach et al (2018) reported that the Marangoni convection effect determined the solidification of the fused 316L-H13 mixture microstructure during the L-PBF of the 316L-H13 bimetal.…”

Конечно-Элементное Моделирование Одноосного Растяжения Образцов Из Функционально-Градиентного Материала С Использованием Мультилинейной Модели Пластичности

“…[2][3][4]. Новейшим трендом в аддитивном производстве является производство функционально-градиентных материалов (ФГМ) с различной микроструктурой [5], различным химическим составом [6], включая объекты, состоящие из нескольких материалов, а также имеющих градиентную пористость, которую получают, используя оптимизированные ячеистые структуры [7]. Аддитивное производство ФГМ с учетом микроструктуры предлагает возможность для производства конструкций микроструктуру, например, с различным размером зерна, кристаллографической ориентацией, специально учитывающие условия нагружения конструкции [8,9].…”