Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase both Exercise and Nicotine Use under Incarceration

Muller, Ashley Elizabeth; Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Rognli, Eline Borger; Bukten, Anne

doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0348.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The NIH tool was applied to demonstrate that nine studies were rated as ‘good’, seven were rated as ‘fair’, and only one was rated being poor as outlined in Table 2 . All the studies included for this review were cross sectional except for Hiscock et al, 36 which was a retrospective cohort study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Alokan

Kabir

2022

Tob Use Insights

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Background Evidence suggests that the prevalence of tobacco use has declined significantly in the general population but still remains high among people incarcerated in high-income countries. Tobacco use is the second leading risk factor of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The objective of this study is to synthesize evidence on the prevalence of smoking among people incarcerated in Western European countries. Methods We searched the PubMed database for articles published between June 2010 and June 2020, website of international organizations and hand-searching references. One author reviewed studies that met pre-defined inclusion criteria, and this was cross-validated by a second reviewer, following the MOOSE guidelines. The Meta prop command of Stata (V16) was used for pooling smoking prevalence estimates. Random effects modelling, heterogeneity with subgroup analysis and publication bias was assessed. Results Out the 236 identified articles, 25 with full texts were eligible, and 16 were finally included in this study. The overall pooled estimate of smoking prevalence was 72.3%, 95% CI (54.8–84.7), and high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.73%). Females had a pooled prevalence 44.1% (95% CI 9.4–82.6) while males 83.3% (95% CI 72.0–92.1). The total number of prisoners combined in this study was 16,435 (ranging from 31-21,451) with age ranging from 24-43 years. Conclusion A relatively high smoking rate was observed among incarcerated people - higher among the male population. The study findings are useful for informing policy-makers of the existing burden of smoking in special vulnerable populations across Western Europe-and the need for comprehensive tobacco control policies in different population settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Alokan

Kabir

2022

Tob Use Insights

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“…Not only those who participate in specialized programs have seen the positive effects of exercise on nicotine, but also individuals who adopt a simple exercise routine have shown improvement. One study found that inmates who heavily abused substances for 6 months before incarceration, such as alcohol, heroin, and cocaine, among others, ceased smoking cigarettes after adopting exercising routines in the jail setting (Muller et al, 2018). Interestingly, nicotine abstinence improved aerobic fitness, increasing running speed in young men (Feinberg et al., 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Substance Use Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders

Marrero-Cristobal

Gelpi-Dominguez

Morales-Silva

et al. 2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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Substance use disorder (SUD) is a complex condition that involves the induction of molecular and physiological alterations by the use and abuse of illicit substances. The prevalence of illicit drug use has caused this disorder to grow exponentially over the past 5 years (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2020). To date, there are several FDA-approved pharmacological treatments for substances that may cause dependency, such as heroin, morphine, alcohol, and nicotine, directed to the attenuation of drug craving, and increase time to relapse. Known as medication-assisted treatment, such FDA-approved pharmaceutical interventions can be used to increase the effectiveness of other substance abuse treatments, including the use of buprenorphine (commonly used in opioid use disorder, OUD).Buprenorphine works as a partial agonist that binds to the opioid receptors in the brain, allowing a partial activation of the receptor when it is activated with opioids, and thus reducing the rewarding effects (James & Williams, 2020). Another FDA-approved treatment for OUD is naloxone, a known opioid receptor antagonist that reduces activation and prevents other endogenous ligands to bind to that receptor (Becker & Chartoff, 2019;James & Williams, 2020). These types of pharmacological treatments are still not available for substances such as cocaine, methamphetamines, or cannabis which limit treatment options. The percentage cocaine users aged

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“…Dersom respondentene hadde svart på fem eller flere indikasjoner ble respondentenes missing erstattet med respondentens gjennomsnittsskåre etter anbefaling fra Hawthorne og Elliot (28). Respondenter som gjennom andre spørsmål indikerte at de ikke hadde noen erfaring med rusmidler ble kodet til gruppen «ikke skadelig bruk» (29).…”

Section: Ruslidelse (Audit/dudit)unclassified

For mye eller for lite medisiner? En nasjonal studie av forskrevne psykofarmaka blant innsatte i norske fengsler

Lindstad

Bukten

2021

Nor J Epidemiol

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SAMMENDRAGBakgrunn: Legemiddelbruk i den norske befolkningen er økende. Kunnskap om omfang, hvem brukerne er og bruksmønster er en forutsetning for optimalisering av legemiddelbruk i alle grupper av befolkningen. Samtidig finnes det ingen oppdaterte studier som viser bruk av forskrevne legemidler blant innsatte i Norge. Hensikten med denne studien er derfor å beskrive bruk av forskrevne psykofarmaka blant innsatte i fengsel før og under soning, samt undersøke hvilke faktorer som er assosiert med legemiddelbruk.Material og metode: Datamaterialet er fra «The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study», NorMA-studien, som ble gjennomført i perioden 2013-2014 ved 57 fengselsenheter i Norge. Totalt svarte 1495 innsatte (96 kvinner) på spørreskjema. Vi undersøkte selvrapportert bruk av psykofarmaka knyttet til sovemedisin, beroligende legemidler, antidepressiva, LAR-legemidler, smertestillende legemidler og ADHD- legemidler. Vi brukte logistiske regresjoner for å undersøke sammenhenger mellom ulike bakgrunnsfaktorer og bruk av ulike legemidler under soning.Resultater: Sovemedisin var mest brukt, både før og under soning. Tjue prosent av innsatte brukte sove- medisin daglig under soning. Innsatte brukte mer psykofarmaka enn den generelle befolkningen, med unntak av smertestillende legemidler. Under soning var bruk av de fleste undersøkte psykofarmaka assosiert med betydelige psykiske plager, skadelig rusbruk, å motta økonomiske sosiale ytelser samt å ha hatt en oppvekst preget av rus og psykiske problemer.Konklusjon: Våre funn viser at innsattes psykiske helse og russituasjon bør ha høy prioritet under soning. Det er forventet at innsatte bruker mer forskrevne psykofarmaka enn den generelle befolkningen. At den generelle befolkningen bruker mer smertestillende enn innsatte, bør derfor undersøkes nærmere. Lindstad M, Skurtveit S, Bukten A. Too much or too little medication? A national study of prescribedpsychotropic drugs among inmates in Norwegian prisons. Norsk Epidemiologi 2021; 29 (1-2): 85-95.ENGLISH SUMMARYBackground: Prescription drug use in the Norwegian population is increasing. Knowledge of who the usersareand usage patterns is a prerequisite for optimizing prescription drug use in all groups of the population.There are no updated studies describing prescription drug use among prisoners in Norway. The purpose ofthis study is to describe the use of prescribed psychotropic drugs among inmates in prison before and duringimprisonment and to investigate factors associated with prescription drug use while in prison.Material and method: The study is based on self-reported data from "The Norwegian Offender MentalHealth and Addiction Study" (NorMA) which was conducted in the period 2013-2014 at 57 prison units inNorway. A total of 1495 inmates (96 women) responded to the questionnaire. We investigated self-reporteduse of psychotropic drugs related to: hypnotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, OMT-medications, pain medicationand ADHD-medications. We used logistic regression models to investigate relationships betweendifferent background factors and the use of prescribed drugs during imprisonment.Results: Hypnotics were most commonly used, both before and during imprisonment. Twenty percent ofinmates had used hypnotics daily during imprisonment. Inmates used more psychotropic drugs than the generalpopulation, with the exception of pain medications. During imprisonment, usage of most psychotropicdrugs imprisonment were associated with symptoms of mental illness, harmful drug use before imprisonment,having received social benefits and to have had an upbringing marked by drug use and mental problems.Conclusion: Our findings show that prisoners' mental health and substance use situation should have a highpriority during imprisonment. It is expected that inmates use more prescribed psychotropic drugs than thegeneral population. The fact that the general population uses more pain medication than inmates shouldtherefore be investigated further.

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Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase both Exercise and Nicotine Use under Incarceration

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders

For mye eller for lite medisiner? En nasjonal studie av forskrevne psykofarmaka blant innsatte i norske fengsler

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