Innate and Adaptive Immunity Interact to Quench Microbiome Flagellar Motility in the Gut

Cullender, Tyler C.; Chassaing, Benoît; Janzon, Anders; Kumar, K. Praveen; Muller, Catherine E.; Werner, Jeffrey J.; Angenent, Largus T.; Bell, Michael; Hay, Anthony G.; Peterson, Daniel A.; Walter, Jens; Vijay‐Kumar, Matam; Gewirtz, Andrew T.; Ley, Ruth E.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.10.009

Cited by 323 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…À / À mice than wild-type mice (Cullender et al, 2013), as Bacteroidales do not have flagellin (Lozupone et al, 2012). In Rag1 À / À mice, a decrease in the abundance of Verrucomicrobiales with age was also observed (Figure 2a) but it was not statistically significant (Supplementary Table S2).…”

Section: Immunity Alters Microbiota H Zhang Et Almentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It is thus conceivable that deficiencies in the host adaptive immune system would result in an altered microbiota. Indeed, such deficiency can lead to a markedly elevated level of bacterial flagellin (Cullender et al, 2013), which is normally kept low presumably by host immunity. In addition, mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 2 (Rag2) or activation-induced cytidine deaminase had increased segmented filamentous bacteria in the small intestine (Suzuki et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host adaptive immunity alters gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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It has long been recognized that the mammalian gut microbiota has a role in the development and activation of the host immune system. Much less is known on how host immunity regulates the gut microbiota. Here we investigated the role of adaptive immunity on the mouse distal gut microbial composition by sequencing 16 S rRNA genes from microbiota of immunodeficient Rag1 À / À mice, versus wild-type mice, under the same housing environment. To detect possible interactions among immunological status, age and variability from anatomical sites, we analyzed samples from the cecum, colon, colonic mucus and feces before and after weaning. High-throughput sequencing showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated mouse gut bacterial communities. Rag1 À mice had a distinct microbiota that was phylogenetically different from wildtype mice. In particular, the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila was highly enriched in Rag1 À / À mice compared with the wild type. This enrichment was suppressed when Rag1 À / À mice received bone marrows from wild-type mice. The microbial community diversity increased with age, albeit the magnitude depended on Rag1 status. In addition, Rag1 À / À mice had a higher gain in microbiota richness and evenness with increase in age compared with wild-type mice, possibly due to the lack of pressure from the adaptive immune system. Our results suggest that adaptive immunity has a pervasive role in regulating gut microbiota's composition and diversity.

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Section: Immunity Alters Microbiota H Zhang Et Almentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host adaptive immunity alters gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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“…This behavior, called taxis [Krell et al, 2011, Purcell, 1977, has long been a subject of scientific investigation, as it serves a variety of purposes: seeking out nutrients and avoiding toxic substances Armitage, 2004, Adler, 1969], identifying thermal [Paster and Ryu, 2007] and oxygen [Adler et al, 2012] gradients, as well as aiding pathogenic species in infecting their hosts [Rivera-Chávez et al, 2013, Cullender et al, 2013. The understanding of bacterial taxis is not only important when it comes to bacterial motility and accumulation; it also serves as a model for biological signal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotaxis in Escherichia coli through changes in motor speed

Rosko

Martinez

Poon

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bacterial motility, and in particular repulsion or attraction towards specific chemicals, has been a subject of investigation for over 100 years, resulting in detailed understanding of bacterial chemotaxis and the corresponding sensory network in many bacterial species. For Escherichia coli most of the current understanding comes from the experiments with low levels of chemotactically-active ligands. However, chemotactically-inactive chemical species at concentrations found in the human gastrointestinal tract produce significant changes in E. coli's osmotic pressure, and have been shown to lead to taxis. To understand how these nonspecific physical signals influence motility, we look at the response of individual bacterial flagellar motors under step-wise changes in external osmolarity. We combine these measurements with a population swimming assay under the same conditions. Unlike for chemotactic response, a long term increase in swimming/motor speeds is observed, and in the motor rotational bias, both of which scale with the osmotic shock magnitude. We discuss how the speed changes we observe can lead to steady state bacterial accumulation.

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“…TLR5 recognizes flagellin, the main structural protein of bacterial flagella. Since TIV did not stimulate directly TLR5 and since the human gut can harbor many flagellated bacteria [11], our findings suggested that commensals could help boost TIV immunogenicity. The hypothesis that flagellin from gut microbes may act as a natural adjuvant of TIV vaccine was then tested in mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%