Innate Bacteriostatic Mechanisms Defend the Urinary Tract

Muñoz, José Antonio Moreno; Uhlemann, Anne‐Catrin; Barasch, Jonathan

doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-121810

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 185 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, the subpopulation locations suggest a coordinated positioning to protect the kidney from infection. The transcriptome and location of clusters 1, 3, and 6 depict a strategic immune barrier from the ureter, the most common origin of kidney infections (38). Macrophage subpopulations in other tissues, such as the lung, gut, and skin, are known to perform this function (39)(40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident macrophage subpopulations occupy distinct microenvironments in the kidney

Cheung¹,

Erman²,

Moore³

et al. 2022

JCI Insight

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The kidney contains a population of resident macrophages from birth that expands as it grows and forms a contiguous network throughout the tissue. Kidney-resident macrophages (KRMs) are important in homeostasis and the response to acute kidney injury. While the kidney contains many microenvironments, it is unknown whether KRMs are a heterogeneous population differentiated by function and location. We combined single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), spatial transcriptomics, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging to localize, characterize, and validate KRM populations during quiescence and following 19 minutes of bilateral ischemic kidney injury. scRNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomics revealed 7 distinct KRM subpopulations, which are organized into zones corresponding to regions of the nephron. Each subpopulation was identifiable by a unique transcriptomic signature, suggesting distinct functions. Specific protein markers were identified for 2 clusters, allowing analysis by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence imaging. Following injury, the original localization of each subpopulation was lost, either from changing locations or transcriptomic signatures. The original spatial distribution of KRMs was not fully restored for at least 28 days after injury. The change in KRM localization confirmed a long-hypothesized dysregulation of the local immune system following acute injury and may explain the increased risk for chronic kidney disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident macrophage subpopulations occupy distinct microenvironments in the kidney

Cheung¹,

Erman²,

Moore³

et al. 2022

JCI Insight

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Older women are also more likely to be infected with the less common Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter species, Citrobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as Gram-positive bacteria, including group B Streptococcus, other streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Enterococcus species [195,196]. The urinary bladder has physical barriers that prevent these infections, together with CD14+ monocytederived mononuclear phagocytes, and T cells [197]. The understanding of how immune senescence is related to UTI remains a challenge, although the data obtained in mice indicate a prevalent immune pathogenesis.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases

Quiros-Roldan,

Sottini,

Natali

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because of prolonged life expectancy, which is not paralleled by an increase in health expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, which are defined, respectively, as inflammaging and immune senescence. A wealth of available data demonstrates that these two conditions are closely linked, leading to a greater vulnerability of elderly subjects to viral, bacterial, and opportunistic infections as well as lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, an in-depth assessment of the immune players involved in this changing epidemiology is demanded regarding the individual and concerted involvement of immune cells and mediators within endogenous and exogenous factors and co-morbidities. This review provides an overall updated description of the changes affecting the aging immune system, which may be of help in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the main age-associated infectious diseases.

show abstract

“…Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections that affect a significant portion of the population. 12 In the general population, it is estimated that approximately 40-60% of women and 5-10% of men may experience at least one UTI in their lifetime. 13 Adult women, in particular, face a high likelihood of UTIs, with around 50-60% experiencing this condition at some point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empiric therapy for community acquired urinary tract infection in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance

Anam,

Mustafa,

Anjum

2024

IJMMTD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are widespread bacterial infections often necessitating empirical antibiotic therapy. However, the escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave threat to treatment efficacy. This study aims to assess the prevalence of AMR in uropathogens causing CA-UTIs and its implications for empirical therapy. The study analyzed data from a tertiary care hospital, to determine AMR rates in common uropathogens, including and . Resistance levels to key antibiotics, such as Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin, were evaluated. Significant resistance rates were observed in uropathogens, with and showing marked resistance. Notably, resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin was widespread, highlighting the severity of the AMR crisis. The increasing AMR in CA-UTIs calls for a comprehensive approach. Strategies including local resistance pattern monitoring, antimicrobial stewardship programs and the recommendation of drugs like nitrofurantoin (with lower drug resistance potential) are crucial to maintain the effectiveness of empirical therapy. This study underscores the urgent need for collaborative efforts to address AMR, ensuring effective CA-UTI management and safeguarding public health.

show abstract

Innate Bacteriostatic Mechanisms Defend the Urinary Tract

Cited by 13 publications

References 185 publications

Resident macrophage subpopulations occupy distinct microenvironments in the kidney

Resident macrophage subpopulations occupy distinct microenvironments in the kidney

The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases

Empiric therapy for community acquired urinary tract infection in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About