Innate immune responses in the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Wang, Xialu; Luo, Hao; Zhang, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.010

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Antheraea pernyi , one of the most economically important wild silkworm species, produces thousands of tons of tussah silk per year and thus plays a vital role in the textile industry. , A. pernyi diverged from dipterans 240 million years ago and was domesticated in China in the 18th Century. , To date, its breeding ground has covered more than 700 000 acres, mainly in China, Japan, India, and southeast Asian countries . It has been reported that 90% of the world’s tussah cocoons and silks originate from China, which provides a suitable habitat for silkworm survival …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Antheraea pernyi in Response to Zinc Stress

Liu

Xin

Song

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The growth and development of the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, are strongly influenced by environmental conditions, including heavy metal pollution. An excess of heavy metals causes cellular damage through the production of free radical reactive oxygen species. In this study, transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate global gene expression when A. pernyi was exposed to zinc infection. With RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), a total of 25 795 510 and 38 158 855 clean reads were obtained from zinc-treated and control fat body libraries, respectively. We identified 2399 differential expression genes (DEGs) (1845 upregulated and 544 downregulated genes) in the zinc-treated library. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were related to the peroxisome pathway that was associated with antioxidant defense. Our results suggest that fat bodies of A. pernyi constitute a strong antioxidant defense against heavy metal contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Antheraea pernyi in Response to Zinc Stress

Liu

Xin

Song

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Among these proteins, apolipophorins, transferrin, fibrinogen and low molecular 30 kDa lipoprotein were previously reported to be transported into cells more or less via clathrin‐dependent endocytosis mediated by their receptors (Dantuma et al ., ; Hung et al ., ; Fruttero et al ., ; Rodríguez‐Vezquez et al ., ). Typically, phenoloxidases, which are presumed to be secreted and released from the fat body, were also identified in both hemolymph and fat body; however, their precise regulatory mechanism is unclear (Chen et al ., ; Kumar et al ., ; Wang et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During larval–pupal metamorphosis, the larval fat body undergoes a series of physiological events to meet the requirements of metamorphosis and maintain intracellular homeostasis (Tian et al ., ; Guo et al ., ; Li et al ., ). Hexamerins and phenoloxidases both belong to the hemocyanin protein superfamily; however, these two subtype have distinct functions and display controversial interactions under specific conditions (Rhee et al ., ; Wang et al ., ). Insect phenoloxidases are type 3 copper‐containing proteins, that can oxidize substrates and cause melanization, while B. mori SP1 is known to mediate anti‐oxidative activity in mammalian cell lines, suggesting the potential opposite function of these two subtype proteins (Rhee et al ., ; Lu et al ., ; Lee et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, they are both involved in innate immunity against invading pathogens (Da Cruz‐Landim et al ., ; Li et al ., 2019). Hemolymph, an open circulatory system, is pivotal for nutrient storage and transportation and acts as a site for phagocytosis nodulation and encapsulation in addition to proteolytic activation of phenoloxidase (PO) and antimicrobial proteins/peptides (AMPs) released from the fat body (Kumar et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Wu et al ., ). Fat body is analogous to mammalian liver and adipose tissue and is mainly responsible for energy, carbohydrates, protein metabolism and innate immunity in insects (Tian et al ., 2010 a, b; Li et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clathrin‐dependent endocytosis predominantly mediates protein absorption by fat body from the hemolymph in Bombyx mori

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2019

Insect Science

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During insect larval-pupal metamorphosis, proteins in the hemolymph are absorbed by the fat body for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis; however, the type of proteins and how these proteins are internalized into the fat body are unclear. In Bombyx mori, the developmental profiles of total proteins in the hemolymph and fat body showed that hemolymph-decreased protein bands (55-100 kDa) were in accordance with those protein bands that increased in the fat body. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis predominantly blocked the transportation of 55-100 kDa proteins from the hemolymph into the fat body, which was further verified by RNA interference treatment of Bmclathrin. Six hexamerins were shown to comprise ß90% of the total identified proteins in both the hemolymph and fat body by mass spectrum (MS) analysis. In addition, hemolymphspecific proteins were mainly involved in material transportation, while fat body-specific proteins particularly participated in metabolism. In this paper, four hexamerins were found for the first time, and potential proteins absorbed by the fat body from the hemolymph through clathrin-dependent endocytosis were identified. This study sheds light on the protein absorption mechanism during insect metamorphosis.

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“…Phenoloxidase (PO) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the physiological processes of insects by its effective contribution to the development and immunity of insects (Wang & Zhang 2018). This enzyme plays a vital role in cuticular tanning and defense reactions such as encapsulation, six melanization of foreign organisms, and wound healing (Feng & Fu 2004;Liu et al 2007;Zufelato et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and biochemical assessment of the molecular binding of hexylresorcinol to insect immune phenoloxidase: A quest for a new insecticidal activity

Aloui

Ghazouani

Raboudi

et al. 2022

Entomological Research

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The enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) plays an essential role in insect immune defense. Phenolic compounds sharing structural homology with PO substrates could act as substrate analogues, and may interfere with insect physiological process, thus, leading to their control. Herein, the bioinformatic molecular docking was used to predict the interaction of the crystal 3D structure of the insect Manduca sexta PO (PDB: 3HHS) with the antiseptic 4 hexylresorcinol (4-Hr). The method was firstly validated using phenylthiourea (PTU) as reference ligand. Data demonstrated the ability of the 4-Hr to bind to M. sexta PO with binding energy score ΔG = À372,285 Kcal/mol indicative of a plausible affinity to active site of the enzyme, nevertheless, the affinity of PTU was stronger with a binding energy of ΔG = À462.173 Kcal/mol. Furthermore, biochemical in vitro assays confirmed the behavior of 4-Hr as substrate-analog when binding to the active site of the insect PO leading to its competitive inhibition. This is the first report demonstrating the molecular bases of the usefulness of hexylresorcinol as a promising insecticide. Further investigations could emphasize synergistic effects of 4-Hr with other insecticides in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.

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Innate immune responses in the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Cited by 16 publications

References 160 publications

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Antheraea pernyi in Response to Zinc Stress

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Antheraea pernyi in Response to Zinc Stress

Clathrin‐dependent endocytosis predominantly mediates protein absorption by fat body from the hemolymph in Bombyx mori

Structural and biochemical assessment of the molecular binding of hexylresorcinol to insect immune phenoloxidase: A quest for a new insecticidal activity

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