Inner-shell photoionization spectroscopy on deposited metal clusters using soft x-ray synchrotron radiation: An experimental setup

Peters, Sven; Peredkov, S.; Balkaya, B.; Ferretti, N.; Savci, Ali; Vollmer, Antje; Neeb, M.; Eberhardt, W.

doi:10.1063/1.3267193

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In particular, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were performed at a beamline on Cu 19 clusters of 5% and 40% of a monolayer coverage that had been soft-landed on silicon wafers for comparison with bulk Cu (ref. 30). The XAS spectrum of the Cu 19 clusters shows distinct differences to the bulk in both absorption edge and multiple scattering fine structure (Fig.…”

Section: Synchrotron Radiation Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The vertical dashed lines indicate the peak binding energy. e, X-ray absorption spectra of supported Cu 19 clusters at two different coverage densities (high coverage, red; low coverage, blue) in comparison to a Cu bulk film (black) 30 . The differences observed between the bulk and both the low-and high-coverage Cu 19 samples are due to the non-crystalline character of the isolated clusters.…”

Section: Synchrotron Radiation Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the reduced size of clusters, and the fact that a considerable fraction of their atoms are located at the cluster/support interface, these effects are likely to be more pronounced in cluster catalysts than typical nanoparticle catalysts, leading to modification of their structural and electronic character. Furthermore, a wide range of techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 21,22 , scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) [23][24][25] , (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) 26 , atomic force microscopy (AFM) 27 , and synchrotron methods [28][29][30] are available to characterize deposited clusters, and can be used to gain knowledge of their unique properties and interaction with support materials. Moreover, elaborate reactionsFischer-Tropsch, partial oxidation, polymerization 31 and dehydrogenation 32 processes, for example -that have complex reactants and products, and would be difficult to investigate in the gas phase, can be studied with deposited clusters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Catalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atoms

2015

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Clusters that contain only a small number of atoms can exhibit unique and often unexpected properties. The clusters are of particular interest in catalysis because they can act as individual active sites, and minor changes in size and composition--such as the addition or removal of a single atom--can have a substantial influence on the activity and selectivity of a reaction. Here, we review recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of well-defined subnanometre clusters, and the understanding and exploitation of their catalytic properties. We examine work on size-selected supported clusters in ultrahigh-vacuum environments and under realistic reaction conditions, and explore the use of computational methods to provide a mechanistic understanding of their catalytic properties. We also highlight the potential of size-selected clusters to provide insights into important catalytic processes and their use in the development of novel catalytic systems.

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Section: Synchrotron Radiation Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Synchrotron Radiation Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Catalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atoms

2015

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“…Small Cu N -clusters were synthesized using a home-built magnetron sputtering source and mass-filtered by a magnetic sector field analyser 23 at a mass resolution of m/Dm B 100. A typical mass spectrum is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent Auger spectra and two-hole Coulomb interaction of small supported Cu-clusters

Peters

Peredkov

Neeb

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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) and X-ray photoionization spectra (2p, 3d) of mass-selected Cu N -clusters supported by a thin natural silica layer are presented in the size range N = 8-55 atoms per cluster. The Auger spectra of all clusters are shifted to a lower kinetic energy with respect to the spectrum of the bulk.Furthermore the Auger energy decreases systematically with decreasing cluster size. The binding energies of the 2p and 3d valence states are higher than the corresponding bulk values. Using the energy of the Auger main line, the corresponding core hole peak and the centroid of the selfconvoluted 3d valence band the on-site Coulomb interaction energy U dd of the two-hole final state as a function of cluster size has been determined.

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“…The electronic structure of various metal cluster sizes and compositions, in gas phase or attached to solid surfaces, has been extensively investigated using various techniques, such as photoelectron spectroscopy [10][11][12] and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. [13][14][15] Moreover, the dynamics that occur in metal nanoparticles in solutions or embedded in matrices have also been investigated for various particle sizes and compositions using pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with femtosecond laser pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmetal to Metal Transition and Ultrafast Charge Carrier Dynamics of Zn Clusters on p-Si(100) by fs-XUV Photoemission Spectroscopy

2018

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Understanding the electronic structure and charge carrier dynamics of supported clusters is important due to their many potential applications in photochemistry and catalysis. In this investigation, photoemission spectroscopy, in conjunction with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) laser pulses, is used to investigate the electronic structure and ultrafast charge carrier dynamics at a Si(100) surface decorated with Zn clusters. Static photoemission spectroscopy is used to investigate the changes in the electronic structure as the dimensionality of the Zn is increased from small clusters composed of a very few atoms to metallic Zn particles. Furthermore, femtosecond optical-pump XUV-probe photoemission spectroscopy is employed to induce a charge transfer from the p-Si(100) substrate to the Zn clusters and to measure in real time the charge trapping at the Zn cluster as well as the subsequent charge relaxation. The ultrafast charge carrier dynamics are also investigated for small clusters and metallic Zn particles. Significant transient charging of the Zn clusters after excitation of the Si(100) substrate by 800 nm light is observed for Zn coverages greater than 0.12 ML Zn, which coincides with the formation of a Schottky barrier at the interface between the Zn particle and the p-Si(100) substrate. The transient signals show that the charge trapping time at the Zn cluster varies with the cluster size, which is rationalized based on the electronic structure of the cluster as well as the band energy alignment at the Zn cluster-Si(100) junction.

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Inner-shell photoionization spectroscopy on deposited metal clusters using soft x-ray synchrotron radiation: An experimental setup

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Catalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atoms

Catalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atoms

Size-dependent Auger spectra and two-hole Coulomb interaction of small supported Cu-clusters

Nonmetal to Metal Transition and Ultrafast Charge Carrier Dynamics of Zn Clusters on p-Si(100) by fs-XUV Photoemission Spectroscopy

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