Innervation distribution pattern, nerve ending structure, and fiber types in pigeon skeletal muscle

Torrella, Joan Ramón; Fouces, V.; Palomeque, J.; Viscor, Ginés

doi:10.1002/ar.1092370205

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…() used SDH localization and ATP histochemistry to analyse the fibre components of twelve skeletal muscles collected from pigeons and chickens. Many studies have shown that the composition of each muscle related to flying ability is different (Wada et al., ; Torrella et al., ). The type IIa muscle fibre is actively involved in transporting energy during exercise (Torrella et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have shown that the composition of each muscle related to flying ability is different (Wada et al., ; Torrella et al., ). The type IIa muscle fibre is actively involved in transporting energy during exercise (Torrella et al., ). In this study, pigeons that had been given l ‐carnitine had a higher component percentage of type IIa muscle fibres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive influence of l‐carnitine on the different muscle fibres types of racing pigeons

Chang

Tsai

Chou

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Ca(2+) ATPase, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are involved in energy metabolism. These enzymes can be used as indicators of the energy capacity of aerobic cells. The study investigated the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on M. pectoralis superficialis, M. pectoralis profundus, M. extensor carpi radialis muscle and M. flexor carpi ulnaris. Twenty-eight racing pigeons hatched at the same time were divided randomly into three groups. Eight pigeons, which were used as the control group, were sacrificed at 92-day old. The remaining twenty pigeons continued training until they reached 157-day old, with half the pigeons getting 25 mg/head/day of L-carnitine, while the other half given the same amount of water. The pigeons were assessed by histochemical methods and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To assess influence of L-carnitine on muscle fibre composition and the performance of three genes' mRNA, this study applied SDH localization, SDH, Ca(2+) ATPase and LDH mRNA expression to examine the results after oral administration of L-carnitine in vivo in racing pigeons. The results showed that L-carnitine significantly elevated the amount of white muscle fibre type IIa (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression quantities of SDH and LDH gene was higher via RT-PCR method. However, the expression of Ca(2+) ATPase remains similar. In conclusion, appropriate oral administration of L-carnitine of 25 mg/pigeon/day will result in an improvement of muscles related to flying.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive influence of l‐carnitine on the different muscle fibres types of racing pigeons

Chang

Tsai

Chou

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Endothelial ATPase was used to reveal muscle capillaries (Fouces et al. 1993; Torrella et al. 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sections were incubated for 5 min in a buffered fixative (Viscor et al 1992) and stained for the following histochemical assays to identify the fibre types and capillaries: succinate dehydrogenase, SDH according to Nachlas et al (1957) and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, mATPase (Brooke & Kaiser, 1970). Endothelial ATPase was used to reveal muscle capillaries Torrella et al 1993).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphofunctional responses to anaemia in rat skeletal muscle

et al. 2008

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Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control and anaemic. Anaemia was induced by periodical blood withdrawal. Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were excised under pentobarbital sodium total anaesthesia and processed for transmission electron microscopy, histochemical and biochemical analyses. Mitochondrial volume was determined by transmission electron microscopy in three different regions of each muscle fibre: pericapillary, sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmatic. Muscle samples sections were also stained with histochemical methods (SDH and m-ATPase) to reveal the oxidative capacity and shortening velocity of each muscle fibre. Determinations of fibre and capillary densities and fibre type composition were made from micrographs of different fixed fields selected in the equatorial region of each rat muscle. Determination of metabolites (ATP, inorganic phosphate, creatine, creatine phosphate and lactate) was done using established enzymatic methods and spectrophotometric detection. Significant differences in mitochondrial volumes were found between pericapillary, sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic regions when data from animal groups were tested independently. Moreover, it was verified that anaemic rats had significantly lower values than control animals in all the sampled regions of both muscles. These changes were associated with a significantly higher proportion of fast fibres in anaemic rat soleus muscles (slow oxidative group = 63.8%; fast glycolytic group = 8.2%; fast oxidative glycolytic group = 27.4%) than in the controls (slow oxidative group = 79.0%; fast glycolytic group = 3.9%; fast oxidative glycolytic group = 17.1%). No significant changes were detected in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. A significant increase was found in metabolite concentration in both the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of the anaemic animals as compared to the control group. In conclusion, hypoxaemic hypoxia causes a reduction in mitochondrial volumes of pericapillary, sarcolemmal, and sarcoplasmic regions. However, a common proportional pattern of the zonal distribution of mitochondria was maintained within the fibres. A significant increment was found in the concentration of some metabolites and in the proportion of fast fibres in the more oxidative soleus muscle in contrast to the predominantly anaerobic extensor digitorum longus.

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“…With respect to other physiological and morphological characteristics, ST fibers fail to respond to single nerve impulses, slowly shorten when stimulated repetitively (Morgan and Proske, 1984), and have multiple "en grappe" nerve terminals (Hess, 1967), whereas slow-twitch (and fast-twitch) muscle fibers generate an action potential and exhibit a rapid rise in tension after nerve stimulation (Morgan and Proske, 1984;Torrella et al, 1993). Histochemically, avian SO fibers react like mammalian SO fibers, but avian SO fibers, like slow tonic fibers, are multiply innervated (Baier and Gatesy, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and histochemistry of spread‐wing posture in birds. 3. Immunohistochemistry of flight muscles and the “shoulder lock” in albatrosses

Meyers

Stakebake

2004

Journal of Morphology

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As a postural behavior, gliding and soaring flight in birds requires less energy than flapping flight. Slow tonic and slow twitch muscle fibers are specialized for sustained contraction with high fatigue resistance and are typically found in muscles associated with posture. Albatrosses are the elite of avian gliders; as such, we wanted to learn how their musculoskeletal system enables them to maintain spread-wing posture for prolonged gliding bouts. We used dissection and immunohistochemistry to evaluate muscle function for gliding flight in Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses. Albatrosses possess a locking mechanism at the shoulder composed of a tendinous sheet that extends from origin to insertion throughout the length of the deep layer of the pectoralis muscle. This fascial "strut" passively maintains horizontal wing orientation during gliding and soaring flight. A number of muscles, which likely facilitate gliding posture, are composed exclusively of slow fibers. These include Mm. coracobrachialis cranialis, extensor metacarpi radialis dorsalis, and deep pectoralis. In addition, a number of other muscles, including triceps scapularis, triceps humeralis, supracoracoideus, and extensor metacarpi radialis ventralis, were found to have populations of slow fibers. We believe that this extensive suite of uniformly slow muscles is associated with sustained gliding and is unique to birds that glide and soar for extended periods. These findings suggest that albatrosses utilize a combination of slow muscle fibers and a rigid limiting tendon for maintaining a prolonged, gliding posture.

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Innervation distribution pattern, nerve ending structure, and fiber types in pigeon skeletal muscle

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Positive influence of l‐carnitine on the different muscle fibres types of racing pigeons

Positive influence of l‐carnitine on the different muscle fibres types of racing pigeons

Morphofunctional responses to anaemia in rat skeletal muscle

Anatomy and histochemistry of spread‐wing posture in birds. 3. Immunohistochemistry of flight muscles and the “shoulder lock” in albatrosses

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