Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Gabella, Giorgio

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61662-9

Cited by 270 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Although not attaining significance, these circumferential differences were observed in other instances 24 , correlated to the fact that the intermediate region of the colon has a thicker layer of longitudinal smooth muscle, analogous to the human, which must require a larger neuronal population for its innervation and control 24 . This kind of regional variation was also observed in other segments of the bowel [25][26][27][28][29] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphoquantitative effects of acute diabetes on the myenteric neurons of the proximal colon of adult rats

Furlan

Molinari

Neto

2002

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-The effects of acute diabetes on the density and size of the myenteric neurons of the proximal colon of adult rats were investigated. The injection of streptozotocin was followed by a period of observation of seven days, during which the diabetic animals showed weight loss, excessive food and water intake, large urinary debt and hyperglicemia. The whole-mounts from the proximal colon were stained with the techniques of Giemsa and of the NADH-diaphorase, and the employment of these techniques made it possible to verify a decrease on the neuronal density and on the cell body size of the myenteric neurons in the colon of the diabetic rats. These observations were discussed in terms of the pathophysiology of the diabetes and the experimental protocol.KEY WORDS: acute diabetes, myenteric neurons, proximal colon.Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos RESUMO -Foram investigados os efeitos do diabetes agudo sobre a densidade e o tamanho dos neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos. À injeção de estreptozootocina seguiu-se um período de observação de sete dias, durante os quais os animais diabéticos apresentaram perda de peso, ingestão excessiva de alimento e água, grande débito urinário e hiperglicemia. Os preparados de membrana do colo proximal foram corados pelas técnicas de Giemsa e da NADH-diaforase. A aplicação dessas técnicas permitiu constatar uma redução da densidade neuronal e do tamanho do corpo celular dos neurônios mioentéricos no colo dos ratos diabéticos. Essas observações foram discutidas em termos da patofisiologia do diabetes e do protocolo experimental. The research on the changes induced by experimental diabetes on the several tissues and organs of laboratory animals is quite large. Among those systems under investigation are the gastrointestinal tract and its intrinsic enteric nervous system, the neuronal network responsible for the control of the activities of the bowel. It is reported, for instance, that the myenteric neurons of the stomach, duodenum and cecum are numerically reduced in diabetes 1-3 , and that specific neurochemical groups show response patterns to diabetes which depend on the intestinal segment and the duration of the diabetic state 4-7 . These neuronal changes, as well as those associated to the autonomic innervation of the gut 8-10 , stand among the responsible by the clinical gastrointestinal symptoms of diabetes [11][12][13] . PALAVRAS-CHAVERecently, we described an increase in the NADHdiaphorase positive myenteric neuronal population in the duo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphoquantitative effects of acute diabetes on the myenteric neurons of the proximal colon of adult rats

Furlan

Molinari

Neto

2002

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Different thresholds (ICC<LM<CM) make lots of sense, if you consider the ICC the alarm-clocks, and the work-load on the longitudinal muscle being more related to moving along and mixing the more fluid surface contents, while the hard work of the circular muscle is called upon, when it has to produce occluding contractions against a semi-solid content, as in segmentation motility! The notion that ICC may be stretch sensors has been proposed by others as well (Gabella, 1979;Rumessen et al, 1982;Fox et al, 2000;Won et al, 2005). That distention may be followed by peg and socket junctions has been explained in the previous paper (Thuneberg and Peters, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Toward a Concept of Stretch Coupling in Smooth Muscle: A Thesis by Lars Thuneberg on Contractile Activity in Neonatal Interstitial Cells of Cajal

Huizinga

Lammers

Mikkelsen

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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The hypothesis was put forward by Thuneberg that rhythmically contracting interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were sensing stretch of the musculature and that this information was transmitted to smooth muscle cells via peg and socket contacts. The present study provides the evidence for the contractile nature of ICC as perceived by Thuneberg. The contractile activity is shown by video frame subtraction and by tracking areas of interest in sequential video frames. Thuneberg used neonatal ICC in culture maintained between two coverslips thereby allowing growth factors to quickly reach optimal concentrations. Contractions of ICC were seen to precede smooth muscle contractions. In addition, strong contractions were observed solely in branches of ICC. It is hoped that this communication will stimulate discussion about the contractile nature of ICC and that this phenomenon will eventually find its place amongst the physiological properties of the ICC networks of the gut musculature. Anat Rec, 293:1543Rec, 293: -1552

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“…In higher vertebrates, the neuron organization in the myenteric plexus forming ganglia interconnected by nerve fibers between the muscle layer strata of the gastro-intestinal segments is well described in the literature (Gabella 1979, 1990, Molinari et al 1994, Sant'Ana et al 1997, Furness 2000, Mari et al 2007, Silva et al 2008) and is not modified by diabetes (Zanoni et al 1997, 2003, Silverio et al 2008. Similarly, the plexus organization remained unchanged among the groups studied (C, CS, DS, and D), not changing either with the diabetes onset and or by the AA-supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In higher vertebrates, the myenteric plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular strata of the muscle layer of the gastrointestinal segments forming a neuron network gathered predominantly in ganglia interconnected by bundles of nerve fibers (Gabella 1979, 1990, Molinari et al 1994, Sant'Ana et al 1997, Furness 2000, Mari et al 2007, Silva et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation in ileum myenteric neurons of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

et al. 2009

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295Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(4): 295-302, abril 2009 RESUMO.-[Efeitos da suplementação do ácido ascórbico nos neurônios mientéricos do íleo de ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozootocina.] A exacerbação do estresse oxidativo e da via do poliol que comprometem o plexo mioentérico são alterações metabóli-cas características do diabetes. O ácido ascórbico (AA) é antioxidante e inibidor da aldose redutase, podendo atuar como neuroprotetor. Verificaram-se os efeitos da suplementação com AA sobre o número e a área do perfil do corpo celular (PC) de neurônios mioentéricos em ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozootocina. Formaram-se quatro grupos com cinco animais cada: normoglicêmico (C); diabético (D); diabético tratado com AA (DS); e normoglicêmico tratado com AA (CS). Três vezes por semana administrou-se 50mg de AA para cada animal (grupos DS e CS). Após 90 dias e eutanásia com tiopental, o íleo foi coletado e processado para a técnica da NADPHdiaforase. Não se observaram diferenças (P>0,05) na densidade neuronal entre os grupos. A área do PC foi menor (P<0,05) para os grupos DS e CS, com incidência maior de neurônios com área do PC superior a 200μm 2 para os grupos C e D. Concluiu-se que o AA não influenciou a densidade neuronal do íleo, mas foi neuroprotetor The exacerbation of the oxidative stress and of the polyol pathway which impair damage myenteric plexus are metabolic characteristics of diabetes. The ascorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant and an aldose reductase inhibitor, which may act as neuroprotector. The effects of AA supplementation on the density and cellular body profile area (CP) of myenteric neurons in STZ-induced diabetes in rats were assessed. Four groups with five animals each were formed: normoglycemic (C); diabetic (D); AA-treated diabetic (DS) and AA-treated normoglycemic (CS). Dosagen of 50mg of AA were given, three times a week, for each animal (group DS and CS). Ninety days later and after euthanasia, the ileum was collected and processed for the NADPH-diaphorase technique. There were no differences (P>0.05) in the neuronal density among the groups. The CP area was lower (P<0.05) in the DS and CS groups, with a higher incidence of neurons with a CP area exceeding 200μm 2 for groups C and D. The AA had no influence on the neuronal density in the ileum but had a neuroprotective effect, preventing the increase in the CP area and allowing a higher number of neurons with a CP area with less than 200μm 2 .INDEX TERMS: Vitamin C, diabetes, intestine, myenteric plexus.

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Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 270 publications

References 183 publications

Morphoquantitative effects of acute diabetes on the myenteric neurons of the proximal colon of adult rats

Morphoquantitative effects of acute diabetes on the myenteric neurons of the proximal colon of adult rats

Toward a Concept of Stretch Coupling in Smooth Muscle: A Thesis by Lars Thuneberg on Contractile Activity in Neonatal Interstitial Cells of Cajal

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation in ileum myenteric neurons of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

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