Innervation of the Sternalis Muscle Accompanied by Congenital Partial Absence of the Pectoralis Major Muscle

Kida, Masahiko Y.; Kudoh, Hiroyuki

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.67.6_449

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…O'Neill & Folan-Curran described 'pectoral slips', presenting with a SM as variations of either the chondroepitrochlearis or the pectoralis quartus. Kida & Kudoh (1991) also described an incomplete development of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, as was seen in our case. The presence of SM is also associated with anomalies of the skull and adrenal gland (Harish & Gopinath, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Back to the Debate: Sternalis Muscle

2012

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SUMMARY:The sternalis muscle (SM) is an anatomical variant found in the anterior thoracic wall. While the attachment sites of SM are generally agreed upon, the innervation and function of this muscle are not well established. Cadaveric and surgical explorations to date report that SM is innervated by either the pectoral nerves or the anterior branches of the intercostal nerves, or a combination of both. Knowledge of SM is relevant to health care providers specialising in imaging and/or surgery of the anterior thoracic wall. This paper aims to raise awareness in the medical community of the clinical relevance of SM through two case reports and a brief literature review.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Back to the Debate: Sternalis Muscle

2012

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“…The most common view attributes its origin to pectoralis major and rectus abdominus due to the fact that sternalis muscle is usually supplied by pectoral or intercostal nerves [15,16]. But Turner who did an in-depth study on sternalis muscle did not come across a single case of continuity of sternalis with rectus abdominis muscle [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Cases of Rectus Sternalis Muscle

Pillay

Ramakrishnan

Mayilswamy

2016

JCDR

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A unilateral rectus sternalis muscle was observed in a 80-year-old male cadaver. Located on the right side, the muscle took origin by a small fleshy belly from the lower part of pectoral fascia, at the level of 7 th costal cartilage. The fusiform muscle belly tapered into a thin delicate tendon at the level of 4 th costal cartilage, continued, for a short distance along right sternal margin, before crossing the sternum from right to left over the sternal angle and the left clavicle to merge with the sternal head of left sternocleidomastoid muscle [Table/ Fig-1 The sternalis muscle, an uncommon anatomical variant of the chest wall musculature, though perhaps well known to anatomists, is quite unfamiliar to clinicians and radiologists despite attempts to highlight its clinical importance in recent years. During routine dissection for undergraduate medical teaching, in the department of anatomy, we came across two cases of sternalis muscle. The first was a unique case of unilateral right sternalis with contralateral insertion on the left sternocleidomastoid, and the second case where bilateral presence of the muscle was noted with ipsilateral insertion. The former was supplied by medial pectoral nerve and the latter by lower intercostal nerves. Usually present between the pectoral and superficial fasciae, wide ranging prevalence and morphology have been attributed to this muscular variant. Opinions differ on its development and nerve supply. Its presence can be misdiagnosed as a wide range of benign and malignant anterior chest wall lesions and tumours, but it is also of great use as a pedicle flap or flap microvascular anastomosis in reconstructive surgeries of anterior chest wall, head and neck and breast. In this paper, two cases of sternalis muscle which presented very differently from each other are discussed. Case 2Bilateral sternalis muscle was observed in a 70-year-old male cadaver. Muscles on both sides, roughly fusiform in shape, had a fleshy origin from external oblique aponeurosis at the level of seventh costal cartilage. The muscles became tendinous near the sternal angle, continued upwards and crossed the clavicle, to insert into the sternal head of ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid. Both muscles were innervated by lower intercostal nerves [Table/ Fig-2].

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“…Different authors have assumed sternalis to be derived from neighbouring muscles : pectoralis major (e.g. Abraham, 1883 ;Dziallis, 1968 ;Kida & Kudoh, 1991), rectus abdominis (e.g. Blees, 1968 ;Larsen, 1997), sternocleidomastoid (e.g.…”

Section: Correspondence the Sternalis Muscle In The Bulgarian Populatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sternalis muscle in the Bulgarian population: classification of sternales

2001

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The sternalis muscle (musculus sternalis) is the name usually given to this common anatomical variant, but the terms ‘episternalis’, ‘presternalis’, ‘sternalis brutorum’, ‘rectus thoracis’, ‘rectus sterni’, ‘superficial rectus abdominis’ and ‘japonicus’ have also been used in the literature (for reviews see Le Double, 1879; Calori, 1888; Pichler, 1911; Blees, 1968). According to Turner (1867), Cabrolius was the first, in 1604, to describe sternalis. Nevertheless this muscle is often unknown even in clinical practice (Bailey & Tzarnas, 1999; Vandeweyer, 1999). Thus far, investigations on the incidence of sternalis have been made both in large populations such as the American (Barlow, 1935) and small populations, for example in Taiwan (Shen et al. 1992; Jeng & Su, 1998). In Europe, all studies on the frequency of this muscle have been made amongst subpopulations in Western (e.g. Cunningham, 1888; Le Double, 1890, 1897) and Northern Europe (Gruber, 1860) although the reported frequencies have been quite different. There is a lack of information about sternalis in Eastern European populations. We therefore present data from a study on the incidence of sternalis muscle in Bulgaria.

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Innervation of the Sternalis Muscle Accompanied by Congenital Partial Absence of the Pectoralis Major Muscle

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Back to the Debate: Sternalis Muscle

Back to the Debate: Sternalis Muscle

Two Cases of Rectus Sternalis Muscle

The sternalis muscle in the Bulgarian population: classification of sternales

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