Innervation of three weight-bearing areas of the foot: An anatomic study and clinical implications

Ünlü, Ramazan Erkin; Orbay, Hakan; Kerem, Metin; Esmer, Ali Fırat; Tüccar, Eray; Şensöz, Ömer

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2007.02.007

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…calcaneal nerves (34). Although sural and tibial nerve injuries can occur in conjunction with ankle sprains (14), it is unlikely that direct nerve trauma is the source of the somatosensory alterations in this investigation because deficits were only demonstrated at the lower test frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Plantar Vibrotactile Detection Deficits in Adults with Chronic Ankle Instability

Hoch

Andreatta

2012

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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The results of this study indicate that subjects with chronic ankle instability may demonstrate decreased sensitivity on the plantar surface of the foot. These alterations in plantar cutaneous somatosensation may help explain the underlying mechanisms associated with the prolonged sensorimotor system impairments in postural control and gait commonly exhibited by people with chronic ankle instability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Plantar Vibrotactile Detection Deficits in Adults with Chronic Ankle Instability

Hoch

Andreatta

2012

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…44 The medial calcaneal branch of the tibial nerve and the medial and lateral plantar nerves enter the foot close to the medial calcaneal tubercle (site 4). 14,46,47 Branches of the posterior tibial artery accompany the nerves, also entering the foot in the anterior/medial heel. These are the calcaneal branch and the medial and lateral plantar arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Threshold Tests in Patients With Heel Pain Syndrome

Saban

Masharawi

2016

Foot Ankle Int.

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“…Loss of sensory innervation of the heel may disrupt appropriate sensory feedback necessary for normal ambulation and the gait pattern. Chronic refractory heel pain has also been attributed to compression of the MCN (Unlü et al, 2008). There is also the potential for ulceration in the denervated weight-bearing area.…”

Section: Clinical and Surgical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The “safe zone” in medial percutaneous calcaneal pin placement

2009

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Percutaneous pin insertion into the medial calcaneus places a number of structures at risk. Evidence suggests that the greatest risk is to the medial calcaneal nerve (MCN). The medial calcaneal region of 24 cadavers was dissected to determine the major structures at risk. By using four palpable anatomical landmarks, the inferior tip of the medial malleolus (point A), the posterior superior portion of the calcaneal tuberosity (point B), the navicular tuberosity (point C), and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity (point D), we attempted to define the safe zone taking into account all possible variables in our dissections including ankle position, side, gender, and possible anatomical variations of the MCN. The commonest arrangement of the MCN was two MCNs that arose independently, one arising before the bifurcation of the tibial nerve and the other arising from the medial plantar nerve. A zone could be defined posterior to 75% of the distance along the lines AB, CD, AD, and CB which would avoid most structures. The posterior branches of the MCN, however, would still be at risk and placing the pin too far posteriorly risks an avulsion fracture. This is the first study to employ four palpable anatomical landmarks to identify a zone to minimize damage to neurovascular structures. It may not be possible, however, to avoid injury of the MCN and consequent sensory loss to the sole of the foot.

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Innervation of three weight-bearing areas of the foot: An anatomic study and clinical implications

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Plantar Vibrotactile Detection Deficits in Adults with Chronic Ankle Instability

Plantar Vibrotactile Detection Deficits in Adults with Chronic Ankle Instability

Pain Threshold Tests in Patients With Heel Pain Syndrome

The “safe zone” in medial percutaneous calcaneal pin placement

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