Innovación Tecnológica en Empresas Chilenas: Un Estudio Empírico Basado en Patentes

Abstract

Resumen: La literatura ha centrado sus esfuerzos en estudiar las patentes en determinadas industrias, subsectores o empresas, principalmente en países desarrollados. Por otra parte, el nivel o cantidad de patentes en Chile durante el periodo 2007-2012 en promedio alcanzó las 12 familias triádicas, países como Argentina y México presentaron medias de 12 y 15 familias triádicas respectivamente. La media total para el mismo periodo en la OCDE asciende a 48.242 familias de patentes triádicas. Lo anterior muestra, por una parte el interés de la comunidad científica por estudiar el fenómeno de la creación de patentes, y por otra, la gran brecha tecnológica entre países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. Proponemos estudiar los determinantes de la creación de patentes en las empresas chilenas, como un caso de país en vías de desarrollo. Utilizamos un modelo probit en donde la variable dependiente toma valor uno si la empresa tiene o está en proceso de obtener una patente de invención (tecnológica) y cero en caso contrario. Nuestra base tiene datos de 4.338 empresas chilenas, es de corte transversal y corresponde a un extracto de la Octava Encuesta de Innovación en Empresas 2011-2012. Los resultados muestran que la antigüedad de la empresa, la base de conocimiento existente y la utilización de instrumentos gubernamentales de apoyo a la I+D tienen un efecto positivo en la creación de patentes.Palabras claves: Innovación tecnológica; patentes; empresas y probit. Abstract: Technological Innovation in Chilean Firms: An Empirical Study Based on Patents.Literature has focused on studying patents in particular industries, subsectors or firms, mainly in developed countries. The level or quantity of patents in Chile during the period 2007-2012 on average reached 12 triadic families, while in countries like Argentina and Mexico presented averages of 12 and 15 respectively. The overall average for the same period amounted to 48,242 OECD triadic patent families. This shows the interest of the scientific community to study the phenomenon of patent creation, and, on the other hand, the large technological gap between developed and developing countries. We propose to study the determinants of patenting in Chilean firms, as a case of a developing country. We use a probit model where the dependent variable takes value one if the firm has or is in the process of obtaining an invention patent (technological) and zero if not. Our database has 4,338 Chilean firms, is crosssectional and corresponds to an extract of the Eighth Survey of Innovation in Firms 2011-2012. The results show that the age of the firm, the base of existing knowledge, and the use of governmental instruments to support R&D have a positive effect on creation of patents.

The Patenting Dilemma in Mexican Public Universities: the Case of ICAT-UNAM

“…In this sense, Fuentes and Ferrada (2016) consider that government instruments to support R&D become a meaningful variable in the innovation process. The effect of public financing is positive and not only generates benefits in the business innovation process, but also in the patenting processes of public institutions.…”

The Impact of Cooperation on Business Innovation in Developing Countries: Evidence from Chile in Latin America

“…During the 2007-2012 period, Chile obtained 12 annual patent families on average. The total measure for the same period in the OECD rises to 48,242 patent families (Fuentes Solís & Ferrada Rubio, 2016). The aforementioned demonstrates both the enormous technological difference between developed and developing countries, and that Chile, given the information available, proves to be a particularly interesting case study.…”

Propensity to Patent Brazilian Companies: importance of Economic and Financial Performance

“…The first is that large companies have greater ability to manage information, maintain large R&D departments, and attract the best technicians and scientists. Thus, large companies introduce more often than smaller companies, original innovations that make it possible to register a patent [20], [21]. The second reason concerns the financial constraints faced by smaller firms, since the cost of patent protection -including the costs of obtaining and maintaining a record, monitoring whether a violation occurs and litigation -is relatively high for smaller firms [22].…”