“…First, as the course begins, potential projects must address a societal gap/need; students must identify a federal funding opportunity or similar market demand which justifies the work [2], [3]. Purpose is then re-emphasized during the course as each project is assessed on an impact scale which rewards external activities such as symposium presentations, conference papers, company formation, or patent applications [4]. Mastery is promoted by student tokens (learning objectives) which are tailored to the individual, are threshold-based, and can be revised throughout the course.…”