Innovation of Carbon from Pectin Templated in Fabrication of Interlayer-free Silica-Pectin Membrane

Abstract

Water scarcity is the main issues in Indonesia especially for coastal areas. As a consequence, the water has high salinity of >50.000 ppm salt concentration where an appropriate treatment is necessary before consumed. In this case, desalination process could be carried out using inorganic silica membranes. However, during the process the pore of silica membranes were collapsed due to the directly contact of pores to water molecules for a long term performance. Thereby, in this work the innovation of membrane fabrication using carbon templated in silica matrices has been successfully fabricated. Literally, the carbon templates could be improving the membrane hydro-stability. The interlayer-free silica-pectin membrane was fabricated using TEOS as silica precursor and carbon templated from pectin apple. All membranes waere calcined in variance temperature of 300 and 400°C via Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). The FTIR results show some functionalization of siloxane, silanol and a new bond of silica-carbon. Whereas, the SEM images show the membrane morphology that the membrane not dense and crack-free with thin film's thickness of ~ 1 μm. An excellent condition of interlayer-free silica-pectin membrane was obtained at pectin concentration of 2.5 %wt. (300°C) and 0.5 %wt. (400°C) with highest functionalization of siloxane and silica-carbon bonds. The existence of silica-carbon bonds were capable to enhancing the membrane hydro-stability. In addition, the carbon chains were contributed to form a smaller pores but also robust pore structures. Those fabricated membranes were shown a good promising due to fast and low cost fabrication with high quality to applicate in seawater desalination.

Functionalization of Si-C Using TEOS (Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silica) as Precursor and Organic Catalyst

“…is a bit than 0.5 a.u.. It means functionalize of siloxane group is dominate in organosilica xerogel which the significance of producing the organosilica structure become mesopore [23]. Comparing to previous study reported [24] by of relative ratio of Si-OH/Si-O-Si surface area in this work is quiet small 50% at same calcine temperature 250 °C.…”

Organo-Silica Membrane Prepared from TEOS-TEVS Modified with Organic-Acid Catalyst for Brackish Water Desalination

“…brane with great performance (Elma Muthia & Setyawan, 2018;Mujiyanti et al, 2019;Pratiwi et al, 2019a;Rampun Erdina Lulu Atika et al, 2019;Syauqiyah et al, 2019). Instead of the air, the vacuum condition in this research successfully preventing a high lost mass of organic carbon.…”

Single Vs Multichannel Silica-Pectin Ultrafiltration Membranes for Treatment of Natural Peat Water

“…Preparation of silica-pectin sols were conducted via sol gel method with the detail procedure can be found in our previous work reported by Pratiwi et al, [45]. The final molar ratios of silica-pectin sols of TEOS: ethanol: HNO 3 :H 2 O:NH 3 :pectin were obtained become 1:38:0.0008:5:0.0003:0.00065.…”