This paper analyzes the interactions that public employees perform in social media communities, providing empirical evidence on the dynamics of internal collaboration. In general terms, this study responds to a rising interest in the study of social media communities as tools for co-production and innovation. In doing so, this paper asks the following research questions: How do interactions among public employees occur within a social media community? What factors determine the number of interactions in a public-sector specific social media community? For this purpose, our study analyzes NovaGob, the most active digital social media community of public sector innovation in Spain and Latin America. By using social network analysis (SNA), we provide evidence on the importance of formal and informal power in stimulating participation. Moreover, we show how interest and will to collaborate influences the number of interactions. Finally, this study uses a gender variable to discuss the possible existence of a second digital gender gap, which affects how public sector employees use these communities. This paper advances some conclusions about the behavior of public employees collaborating in social media communities, suggesting the need for future attention to inter-agency phenomenon.
IntroductionDuring the past few years, there have been notable advances in the adoption of social media in the public sector. The rapid diffusion of these innovations, coupled with their highly disruptive potential (Criado, et al., 2017; Bannister and Connolly, 2014;Chun, et al., 2010), have generated great expectations, based on their capacity to help improving areas of transparency, collaboration and participation (Mergel, 2015;Bertot, et al., 2010). This paper explores one of these areas, internal collaboration among public employees, focusing on analyzing their interactions through social media communities, and studying factors that influence those interactions. This may help not only to understand how collaboration is generated, but also identify barriers to the Public employees in social media communities: Exploring factors for internal collaboration using social network analysis. J. Ignacio Criado and Julián Villodre. 2018. First Monday, Vol. 23, Num. 4 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v23i4.8348 use of digital social technologies in order to deliver innovation and collaboration in government.Internal collaboration has been boosted by transformations linked to social media generalization. The Web 2.0 philosophy, the expansion of open data, as well as a generalization of principles and values of transparency, participation and collaboration, would be converging to inspire a different way of understanding public management (Criado, 2016). This phenomenon, initially labelled as peer-to-peer government or wiki-oriented government (Kostakis, 2010) has begun to be framed under the name of smart governance (Gil-García, et al., 2016;Noveck, 2015), a new paradigm that would bring together ideas expressed on public participation (Char...