Innovations in producing light olefins by fluid catalytic cracking

O’Connor, Paul; Hakuli, A.; Imhof, P.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80771-7

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A simplified reaction scheme about the competing reactions involved in light olefins production is shown in Figure 2. 35 Mainly the higher (linear) olefins are the reactants, which can be converted to light olefins. However, besides cracking and isomerization, these higher linear olefins can also undergo other reactions, such as hydrogen transfer and aromatization.…”

Section: Reactor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary hydrogen transfer reactions are those that occur between cracked products to terminate the cracking reactions in the gasoline range, thus, reducing the overcracking of gasoline to C 3's and C4's (Table 13). 35 The hydrogen transfer reactions are thus greatly increased with the addition of rare earth to the USY zeolite, stabilizing at the same time the gasoline fraction selectivity. In addition, this reaction also promotes the hydrogenation of olefins, reducing gasoline octane number.…”

Section: Fcc Catalyst Systems Optimizations For Maximum Light Olefinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process yields for each DCC type are compared in Table 26 with conventional FCC yields and typical steam cracking yields obtained with a light gasoil. 35,158,2 Reactor temperatures in DCC modes are substantially higher than in FCC, but remain largely below that of Steam Cracking (SC). Steam usage is also higher than for FCC, but, again, remains considerably lower than for SC.…”

Section: High Severity Dedicated Process For Light Olefins From Heavmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crude oil to chemicals: light olefins from crude oil

Corma

Corresa

Mathieu

et al. 2017

Catal. Sci. Technol.

279

163

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Section: Reactor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fcc Catalyst Systems Optimizations For Maximum Light Olefinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Severity Dedicated Process For Light Olefins From Heavmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crude oil to chemicals: light olefins from crude oil

Corma

Corresa

Mathieu

et al. 2017

Catal. Sci. Technol.

279

163

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“…Coprocessing bio-oils in refineries in partial replacement of fossil feedstocks is an interesting option to produce fuels and raw materials for the chemical process industries from renewable sources. , The catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons (fluid catalytic cracking, FCC) is the refining process most promising to coprocess bio-oils together with conventional hydrocarbons feedstocks, where bio-oils can play the role of unconventional feedstocks, taking advantage of the process versatility. − The FCC process, converting heavy and low-value hydrocarbon cuts, is the main producer of liquid fuels as well as a significant contributor of raw materials to the petrochemical industry . Under cyclic operation, the catalyst particles are transported between a diluted, circulating fluidized bed reactor (riser), where they rapidly become deactivated by coke, and a regenerator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Transfer between Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds in Coprocessing Bio-Oils in Fluid Catalytic Cracking

et al. 2019

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Oxygenated model compounds representing typical components of bio-oils and a hydrocarbon hydrogen donor agent were used to study hydrogen transfer reactions between hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds when coprocessed over acidic commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. Phenol, syringol, and trimethoxybenzene were each mixed with tetralin at 5 wt % individually in benzene as an inert solvent. The mixtures were reacted in a fluidized bed, batch CREC Riser Simulator laboratory reactor during 10 s contact time with a catalyst to oil relationship of 3 at 500 °C over a commercial equilibrium FCC catalyst, conditions being selected in order to simulate FCC bio-oil–vacuum gas oil coprocessing. Tetralin was also reacted alone at 5 wt % in benzene to gather background information. When tetralin was the only reactant, its conversion was 87%, the most important reactions being hydrogen transfer, as shown by the yield of naphthalene, and cracking. Alkylation and disproportionation were also observed to a lower extent. In the experiments with the mixtures, the oxygenated compounds converted completely and tetralin converted to less than half the conversion when pure. In these experiments, as compared to pure tetralin, the yield of gases and C11+ hydrocarbons increased and the yield of coke decreased, showing the interaction between the hydrocarbon and the model oxygenated compound reactants. The index S HT, which shows the selectivity to hydrogen transfer reactions from tetralin, increased significantly, to about 2 times, in the experiments with the mixtures. Moreover, coke from pure tetralin was shown to be qualitatively different from that in the experiments with the mixtures, where it was more condensed, thus confirming that the reaction pathways are dissimilar.

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“…On the other hand, the used steam in typical hydrocarbon cracking processes enhanced the catalytic stability by preventing its fast deactivation and retarding coke formation. − However, the presence of steam at high temperatures can cause a serious dealumination effect with negative consequences of catalyst deactivation, especially when the amount of Al content is high (i.e., when the Si/Al is low). , Therefore, the protection of framework Al under such conditions is highly required to secure a longer catalyst lifetime. The synthesized BEA zeolite was modified by post-synthesis treatments and isomorphic Zr incorporation to achieve better stability under steam conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Stabilization of Rich Al–BEA Zeolite by Post-Synthesis Addition of Zr for Steam Catalytic Cracking of n-Dodecane

et al. 2018

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The steam cracking of n-dodecane was performed over Zr-modified BEA zeolite. The parent H−BEA zeolite was modified via Zr introduction following earlier treatment (desilication and dealumination). The procedure allowed for achievement of a Si/Zr molar ratio of 100. The changes in BEA crystallinity were observed by X-ray diffraction. The energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance studies were used to confirm the quantity and position of Zr particles in the framework. Changes in the catalyst acidity were also monitored using pyridine FTIR. The addition of zirconium to the BEA framework prevents dealumination as a result of presence of steam as well as improved the catalyst lifetime from 30 min to 4 h. Dodecane cracking results showed that the introduction of Zr to the BEA framework after desilication is more efficient to protect framework Al in the presence of steam compared to dealumination post-treatment.

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Innovations in producing light olefins by fluid catalytic cracking

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Crude oil to chemicals: light olefins from crude oil

Crude oil to chemicals: light olefins from crude oil

Hydrogen Transfer between Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds in Coprocessing Bio-Oils in Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Hydrothermal Stabilization of Rich Al–BEA Zeolite by Post-Synthesis Addition of Zr for Steam Catalytic Cracking of n-Dodecane

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