Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, but because of the relatively stable economic growth in recent years, it shows that the policy dividend of the industry is gradually fading. In this context, if enterprises want to enhance their competitive advantage, they must do well in their own management construction. The advantages of an enterprise can be summarized as the advantages of talents. If an enterprise wants to operate for a long time, it must control the environmental risks and potential safety hazards. At present, there is little research on the combination of environmental risk and human resource management at home and abroad. In view of this situation, this paper will focus on the innovation of environmental risk and safety assessment on low-carbon and economic human resource management. Firstly, this paper discusses the influence and significance of environmental risk and low-carbon economy on human resource management of enterprises, and holds that it is a modern scientific management way to combine environmental factors and low-carbon concept into human resource management structure. Through the establishment of risk assessment, we can quickly and accurately mine the explicit and potential risks that enterprises are facing at present. Then with the human resource innovation management method of this paper, we can make up for the shortcomings and control the risks. Finally, this paper also establishes a comprehensive evaluation index of enterprise human resource management, which can play a very good guiding role in enterprise human resource management. In the specific experimental analysis of industries and enterprises, through the experimental data, this paper believes that environmental risk awareness has a greater impact on the development of enterprises, and reasonable and effective human resource management methods can control the risk well. Therefore, the innovative management of human resources in this paper has a good reference for modern enterprise management.