Innovative applications of waste cooking oil as raw material

Mannu, Alberto; Ferro, Mónica; Pietro, Maria Enrica Di; Mele, Andrea

doi:10.1177/0036850419854252

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The FFA concentration in vegetable oils depends on multiple factors, namely the quality and variety of raw material, collecting conditions, processing, storage, the age of the oil and deterioration status [3,4]. The amount of FFA is even higher in waste cooking oils (WCO), since high temperature and exposure to air occurring during frying promote the hydrolysis and oxidation of triglycerides and increase the content of FFA in the oil [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

2020

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The identification and quantification of free fatty acids (FFA) in edible and non-edible vegetable oils, including waste cooking oils, is a crucial index to assess their quality and drives their use in different application fields. NMR spectroscopy represents an alternative tool to conventional methods for the determination of FFA content, providing us with interesting advantages. Here the approaches reported in the literature based on 1H, 13C and 31P NMR are illustrated and compared, highlighting the pros and cons of the suggested strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

2020

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“…Furthermore, the β-oxidation of fatty acids can release a large amount of reducing power essential for the synthesis of target products [24,25]. Fatty acids materials can be obtained from various low-cost industrial and domestic wastes and industrial byproducts [26]. For example, when obtained from palm industry byproducts, the average carbon price per ton of palmitic acid is about $35 per ton of C (calculated from $570 per ton of palmitic acid extract), which is much lower than the average carbon price for glucose ($46 per ton of C, calculated from $275 per ton of glucose) [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient bioconversion of raspberry ketone in Escherichia coli using fatty acids feedstocks

et al. 2021

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Background Phenylpropanoid including raspberry ketone, is a kind of important natural plant product and widely used in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, cosmetics, and healthcare products. Bioproduction of phenylpropanoid in Escherichia coli and other microbial cell factories is an attractive approach considering the low phenylpropanoid contents in plants. However, it is usually difficult to produce high titer phenylpropanoid production when fermentation using glucose as carbon source. Developing novel bioprocess using alternative sources might provide a solution to this problem. In this study, typical phenylpropanoid raspberry ketone was used as the target product to develop a biosynthesis pathway for phenylpropanoid production from fatty acids, a promising alternative low-cost feedstock. Results A raspberry ketone biosynthesis module was developed and optimized by introducing 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), benzalacetone synthase (BAS), and raspberry ketone reductase (RZS) in Escherichia coli strains CR1–CR4. Then strain CR5 was developed by introducing raspberry ketone biosynthesis module into a fatty acids-utilization chassis FA09 to achieve production of raspberry ketone from fatty acids feedstock. However, the production of raspberry ketone was still limited by the low biomass and unable to substantiate whole-cell bioconversion process. Thus, a process by coordinately using fatty-acids and glycerol was developed. In addition, we systematically screened and optimized fatty acids-response promoters. The optimized promoter Pfrd3 was then successfully used for the efficient expression of key enzymes of raspberry ketone biosynthesis module during bioconversion from fatty acids. The final engineered strain CR8 could efficiently produce raspberry ketone repeatedly using bioconversion from fatty acids feedstock strategy, and was able to produce raspberry ketone to a concentration of 180.94 mg/L from soybean oil in a 1-L fermentation process. Conclusion Metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains were successfully developed for raspberry ketone production from fatty acids using several strategies, including optimization of bioconversion process and fine-tuning key enzyme expression. This study provides an essential reference to establish the low-cost biological manufacture of phenylpropanoids compounds.

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“…WCOs are basically a mixture of triglycerides and fatty acids, contaminated by some derivatives during the frying process, as free fatty acids (FFA), heterocycles, Maillard reaction products, and metal traces originated from pads and food leaching [20,21]. The specific composition of WCOs can also be exploited as useful sources of chemicals for the production of bio-plasticizers, syngas, and sorbents for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Available Technologies and Materials for Waste Cooking Oil Recycling

et al. 2020

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Recently, the interest in converting waste cooking oils (WCOs) to raw materials has grown exponentially. The driving force of such a trend is mainly represented by the increasing number of WCO applications, combined with the definition, in many countries, of new regulations on waste management. From an industrial perspective, the simple chemical composition of WCOs make them suitable as valuable chemical building blocks, in fuel, materials, and lubricant productions. The sustainability of such applications is sprightly related to proper recycling procedures. In this context, the development of new recycling processes, as well as the optimization of the existing ones, represents a priority for applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and material science. With the aim of providing useful updates to the scientific community involved in vegetable oil processing, the current available technologies for WCO recycling are herein reported, described, and discussed. In detail, two main types of WCO treatments will be considered: chemical transformations, to exploit the chemical functional groups present in the waste for the synthesis of added value products, and physical treatments as extraction, filtration, and distillation procedures. The first part, regarding chemical synthesis, will be connected mostly to the production of fuels. The second part, concerning physical treatments, will focus on bio-lubricant production. Moreover, during the description of filtering procedures, a special focus will be given to the development and applicability of new materials and technologies for WCO treatments.

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Innovative applications of waste cooking oil as raw material

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

Efficient bioconversion of raspberry ketone in Escherichia coli using fatty acids feedstocks

Available Technologies and Materials for Waste Cooking Oil Recycling

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