Innovative Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Water Level Sensors for Enhanced Early Detection and Warning of Floods

Abstract

In considering projections that flooding will increase in the future years due to factors such as climate change and urbanization, the need for dependable and accurate water sensors systems is greater than ever. In this study, the performance of four different water level sensors, including ultrasonic, infrared (IR), and pressure sensors, is analyzed based on innovative characterization and comparative analysis, to determine whether or not these sensors have the ability to detect rising water levels and flash floods at an earlier stage under different conditions. During our exhaustive tests, we subjected the device to a variety of conditions, including clean and contaminated water, light and darkness, and an analogue connection to a display. When it came to monitoring water levels, the ultrasonic sensors stood out because of their remarkable precision and consistency. To address this issue, this study provides a novel and comparative examination of four water level sensors to determine which is the most effective and cost-effective in detecting floods and water level fluctuations. The IR sensor delivered accurate findings; however, it demonstrated some degree of variability throughout the course of the experiment. In addition, the results of our research show that the pressure sensor is a legitimate alternative to ultrasonic sensors. This presents a possibility that is more advantageous financially when it comes to the development of effective water level monitoring systems. The findings of this study are extremely helpful in improving the dependability and accuracy of flood detection systems and, eventually, in lessening the devastation caused by natural catastrophes.

An internet of things-based pump and aerator control system

“…Figure 1 is a block diagram of the prototype that has been developed. The working principle, namely the DS18B20 sensor functions to measure water temperature [29], [30], the JSN-SR04T sensor acts to measure water level [31]- [33], and the MLX90614 sensor functions to measure the temperature of the aerator motor [34]- [36]. The measurement results taken by each sensor are processed by the ESP32 module to be displayed on the LCD and sent to the internet network via a microstrip antenna on the ESP32 board [37], [38].…”

Image-Based Sensor for Liquid Level Monitoring during Bottling with Application to Craft and Home-Brewing

“…The third sensor used in our setup was the infrared beam sensor, namely the Sharp GP2Y0A41SK0F analog distance sensor (https://global.sharp/products/device/lin eup/data/pdf/datasheet/gp2y0a41sk_e.pdf (accessed on 18 July 2023)), commonly used as an obstacle detection sensor. However, it was shown to be usable in water level measurements [62]. An IR distance sensor uses a beam of infrared light to reflect off an object to measure its distance, which is then calculated using the triangulation principle with a distance of up to 30 cm.…”