Innovative design of environmentally friendly silicon-based polyphosphazene-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanowires: An efficient enhancement strategy for the fire safety and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester

Zhou, Yifan; Qiu, Shuilai; Ding, Longlong; Chu, Fukai; Wei, Liu; Yang, Wenhao; Hu, Weizhao; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.135489

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This efficiently absorbed the energy of the crack propagation and enhanced the mechanical properties. 59 Simultaneously, local stress could trigger the development of microcracks, causing PZAF nanoparticles to debond from the PET substrate (Figure 8(d)). The uniform dispersion of PZAF microspheres in PET at low addition (3 wt% and 5 wt%) might also account for the improved mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardant polyethylene terephthalate containing 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol-substituted cyclotriphosphazene microspheres

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2022

High Performance Polymers

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Polyphosphazene derivatives are gaining popularity due to their eco-friendly character and high content of flame-retardant components. Herein, a polyphosphazene derivative (PZAF) microsphere was successfully synthesized utilizing an in-situ template approach, which was then employed as an additive flame retardant in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to improve the fire safety. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PZAF promoted the pyrolysis of PET in advance to generate a stable char layer that protects the matrix from heat, consequently increasing char residues. With addition of 10 wt% PZAF, the PET nanocomposites obtained a V-0 grade in vertical combustion test and its LOI value increased from 24.2 vol% to 32.1 vol%. Moreover, the peak heat release and carbon monoxide production decreased by 46.6% and 50.6%, respectively. This was because the phosphonic acid fragments and pyridine ring compounds produced by the PZAF pyrolysis encouraged the development of a robust char layer. Meanwhile, the •PO radicals generated by the pyrolysis of PZAF could capture free radicals in the gas phase, ultimately ending the chain reaction of combustion. Also, mechanical properties of the PET nanocomposites were noticeably enhanced by the addition of 3 or 5 wt% PZAF.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardant polyethylene terephthalate containing 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol-substituted cyclotriphosphazene microspheres

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2022

High Performance Polymers

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“…Therefore, the charred layer of PFBAP 2 AF/PIP is of high thermal oxidation resistance and a high degree of graphitization and possesses a better physical barrier effect. In terms of Si 2p spectrum (Figure7e,f), two peaks centered at 103.6 and 104.4 eV are related with SiO 2 and Si− O−C 48. It is reported that SiC can react with oxidizing gases at high temperatures to produce SiO 2 ,49,50 which explains the high intensity of the SiO 2 peak in the charred layer of PBPP AF/PIP in XRD and XPS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Fluorinated Side Groups on the Insulation Performances of Polyphosphazenes with Organic Fiber Reinforcement

Zheng,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Poly(diaryloxy)phosphazene (PDAP) possesses good ablative resistance properties, owing to unique charred layers formed during ablation, showing promising applications in aerospace thermal protection. However, the high glass-transition temperature (T g ) of PDAP insulations limits the application in elastomeric heat-shielding materials (EHSMs) that is a need for meeting the growing requirements of solid rocket motors such as low-temperature storage and application. In this work, we focused on improving the low-temperature resistance and ablation resistance of polyphosphazene composites. A class of ablativeresistant poly(octafluoropentyloxy/butoxy/aryloxy)phosphazene (PFBAP) with low T g was prepared by introducing flexible octafluoropentyloxy side groups into poly(butoxy/aryloxy)phosphazene (PBPP). The results showed that the octafluoropentyloxy side groups could improve the thermal oxidative stability, flame retardancy, and interfacial interaction of polyphosphazene. Compared with PBPP composites, the values of linear ablation rate, mass ablation rate, and charring ablation rate of PFBAP 2 (containing 11.86% octafluoropentyloxy side groups) composites were reduced by 65, 34, and 25%, respectively. The study on the ablation mechanism of PFBAP composites shows that the introduction of fluorinated side groups can not only improve the charring degree of insulations during ablation but also exert a flame-retardant effect in the gaseous phase, resulting in a denser and more coherent charred layer. This work demonstrates a way to develop lowtemperature and ablation-resistant polyphosphazene materials for potential thermal protection in the aerospace industry.

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“…The above results demonstrated that AEPO could induce the formation of char residue, and such compact and thermally stable char layer could limit the flow of volatiles and heat between gaseous and condensed phases, which served as a protective shield to prevent the underlying materials further decomposition beneath the carbon layer. 31 Due to insufficient char-formation on the surface, EP-0 had a relatively discontinuous char with lots of cracks and large holes, while EP-10 was compact and continuous, which meant that the addition of AEPO promoted the dehydration and carbonization of EP during combustion (shown in Figure 4a). In addition, it can be found that with the addition of AEPO, the char residue was more complete (shown in Figure 4b).…”

Section: Analysis On Char Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties

Lai

Lin

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Most epoxy resins (EP) suffer from sacrificial mechanical properties in flame retardancy applications. Through a facile reaction between N‐aminoethylpiperazine (N‐AEP) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), a novel multi‐site interaction flame retardant, DOPO‐based aminoethylpiperazine (abbreviate as AEPO), was successfully synthesized, which could form a ladder‐like cross‐linked network with EP. EP modified by AEPO (EP‐AEPO) was tested for flame retardancy using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical burning test (UL‐94), and the cone calorimeter test (CCT). According to the results, EP‐10 (EP with 10 phr of AEPO) could pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating and get a LOI value of 35.5%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP‐10 were also decreased by 25.2% and 29.8%, respectively, which caused by the synergistic charring effect of phosphorus and nitrogen elements contained in the structure of AEPO. Due to the ladder‐like cross‐linked network formed through multi‐site interaction, the mechanical properties demonstrated a significant improved. This work opened up a new strategy for achieving a comprehensive improvement on multifunctional EP through the design of a novel ladder‐like cross‐linked network with multi‐site interaction.

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Innovative design of environmentally friendly silicon-based polyphosphazene-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanowires: An efficient enhancement strategy for the fire safety and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Fire retardant polyethylene terephthalate containing 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol-substituted cyclotriphosphazene microspheres

Fire retardant polyethylene terephthalate containing 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol-substituted cyclotriphosphazene microspheres

Effects of Fluorinated Side Groups on the Insulation Performances of Polyphosphazenes with Organic Fiber Reinforcement

Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties

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