Innovative measures for integrating renewable energy in the German medium-voltage grids

Bayer, Benjamin; Marian, Adela

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.12.028

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Many case studies for the optimal integration of IBRs exist for various systems and countries, e.g. Germany [41], Chile [42], Colombia [20], Italy [43]. When considering power electronically interfaced DERs the control design of the device plays a major role, which is reflected in the recent extension of the IEEE grid stability definitions, cf.…”

Section: B Resulting Requirements For Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Real-World Grid Incidents–Opportunities, Arising Challenges and Lessons Learned for the Future Converter Dominated Power System

Wachter,

Gröll,

Hagenmeyer

2024

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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To reach the climate goals set by national and international institutions, a vast transition of the legacy power system is unavoidable. The necessary integration of distributed, renewable generation devices, which are often interfaced with power electronic converters, has a non-negligible influence on the characteristics of the power grid. This is particularly visible during abnormal grid conditions such as faults. For rotating machines, the fast-timescale reaction to these events is mainly determined by physical properties. However, power electronic devices lack this strong coupling and their behavior is generated by the control and automation system, making them a major field of interest during this transition. The present paper provides a survey of real-world incidents, as for example blackouts or oscillatory incidents, that are discussed with respect to the implications for future converter dominated power grids. For typical cascading outages it is shown, where the increasing penetration of distributed, renewable generation and smart grid technologies can be leveraged to increase the system resilience, e.g. by providing grid services through adequate control design or by enabling microgrid concepts. Further, real-world examples of newly emerging challenges driven by power electronic devices are presented. The mechanisms of control system interactions with the neighboring grid and its inherent complex dependency on various factors is illustrated. Lastly, resulting structural developments such as the changed resonance properties of low voltage grids and the increase of harmonic emissions are exemplified.

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Section: B Resulting Requirements For Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Real-World Grid Incidents–Opportunities, Arising Challenges and Lessons Learned for the Future Converter Dominated Power System

Wachter,

Gröll,

Hagenmeyer

2024

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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“…Reactive power handling can balance this effect. Modern inverters can independently control active and reactive power under the inverter-allowed apparent power, increasing the RES hosting capacity of the local network [111,112]. Reactive power control can more than merely compensate for the effect of RES active power injection on the grid.…”

Section: Reactive Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactive power control can more than merely compensate for the effect of RES active power injection on the grid. DSOs may use the reactive power supply from distributed generators to ensure voltage quality of the network at lower voltages than thermal generators, typically used at high voltage levels [112]. Nevertheless, the IEEE Standard 1547 does not allow any inverter interconnected with the grid to adjust its voltage using reactive power compensation [113].…”

Section: Reactive Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Role of Energy Storage in Multiple Energy Carriers toward Providing Ancillary Services: A Review

2022

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Renewable energy power plants and transport and heating electrification projects are being deployed to enable the replacement of fossil fuels as the primary energy source. This transition encourages distributed generation but makes the grid more weather-dependent, thus reducing its inertia. Simultaneously, electrical network operators face voltage, frequency, and stability challenges at the distribution level. Networks were not designed to manage the stochasticity of renewable energy sources or the congestion caused by the new transport and heating demands. Such challenges are commonly addressed through infrastructure reinforcements. This review studies how energy storage systems with different carriers can provide a collaborative solution involving prosumers as ancillary services providers at the distribution level. We focused on the European urban context; thus, we analyzed renewable energy sources, batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen fuel cells, thermal energy storage, and electric vehicles. A thorough review of successful implementations proved that including storage in one or more carriers benefits the distribution system operators and the prosumers, from both technical and economic perspectives. We propose a correlation between individual energy storage technologies and the ancillary services they can provide based on their responses to specific grid requirements. Therefore, distribution system operators can address network issues together with the prosumers. Nevertheless, attractive regulatory frameworks and business models are required to motivate prosumers to use their assets to support the grid. Further work is recommended to describe the joint operation of multiple storage technologies as multicarrier systems, focusing on the coupling of electrical and thermal energy storage. Additionally, how ancillary services affect the energy storage system’s aging should be studied.

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“…In countries with advanced energy markets, such as Germany, a connection request from an energy project developer is followed by a detailed grid compatibility check [37] by the utility operator in order to ascertain which node or bus on the grid could be the most cost-effective point to inject power. The analysis considers both the grid expansion cost and cost of generating and transporting the electrical energy to the grid connection point.…”

Section: Grid Expansion Through Distributed Renewablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Integration into the Grid: Prerequisites, Push Factors, Practical Options, Issues and Merits

et al. 2021

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Power system operators are in search of proven solutions to improve the penetration levels of distributed generators (DGs) in the grid while minimizing cost. This transition is driven, among others, by global climate concerns, the growing power demand, the need for greater flexibility, the ageing grid infrastructure and the need to diversify sources of energy production. Distributed renewables would not easily substitute the conventional electric grid system, perhaps because the latter is a well-established technology and it would not be prudent to abandon it, while the new distributed renewable energy technologies are generally not adequately developed to support the total load. Thus, it is becoming increasingly necessary to consider sustainable options such as integrating renewable energy sources into the existing power grid. This study is a review that is mainly hinged on distributed generation (DG) classification, the challenges of DG to grid integration, practical options used in DG integration, lessons learned from some countries with successful DG to grid integration, push factors in the growth of DGs and the merits of DG to grid integration. These standpoints of DG to grid interconnection are critical in conducting grid planning and operational studies, which should be conducted in strict observance of aspects such as optimal technology selection, optimal capacity and a suitable connection point of DGs in the network. Therefore, the perspectives highlighted regarding DG can assist power system engineers, developers of DG plants and policymakers in developing a power network that is stable, efficient and reliable.

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Innovative measures for integrating renewable energy in the German medium-voltage grids

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Survey of Real-World Grid Incidents–Opportunities, Arising Challenges and Lessons Learned for the Future Converter Dominated Power System

Survey of Real-World Grid Incidents–Opportunities, Arising Challenges and Lessons Learned for the Future Converter Dominated Power System

Assessing the Role of Energy Storage in Multiple Energy Carriers toward Providing Ancillary Services: A Review

Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Integration into the Grid: Prerequisites, Push Factors, Practical Options, Issues and Merits

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