Innovative methodologies for the utilisation of wastes from metallurgical and allied industries

Kumar, Sanjay; Kumar, Rakesh; Bandopadhyay, Amitava

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.03.003

Cited by 332 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The reduced mass after magnetic separation can be used for steel making or as a charge to the blast furnace [71]. So far, no process has been a commercial success [1,71], because of specific problems associated with the bauxite residue such as low iron content, high alkali content, fineness of the particles, and moisture.…”

Section: Pyrometallurgical Pretreatment Of Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This incident shows that there is a need for remediation of the bauxite residue stockpiles and a utilization solution of the stored (legacy sites) and fresh bauxite residue. However, there are currently no applications of bauxite residue besides minor use in cement and ceramic production [1,5,8]. Bauxite residue has been reported to have several possible applications [4,5,9] in the field of pollution control (wastewater treatment, adsorption, and purification of acid waste gases), as a coagulant, adsorbent, and catalyst, in pigments and paints, in ceramic production, for soil amendment, metal recovery, and in building materials.…”

Section: Introduction Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Gerven

Blanpain

Pontikes

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

265

140

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The long-term storage of bauxite residue (red mud) is harmful to the environment and the tailing ponds also cover large areas. At the moment there is no largescale utilization of bauxite residue. However, some bauxite residues contain considerable concentrations of rare-earth elements (REEs) and the recovery of these REEs together with(out) other metals and utilization of the generated residue in other applications (e.g., building materials) can solve the storage problem of bauxite residue. This paper reviews the recovery of REEs, possibly alongside other valuable metals, from bauxite residue. REEs can be recovered from bauxite residue by direct leaching or by smelting followed by leaching. The main disadvantages of direct acid leaching are the consumption of large amounts of acid for neutralization, the handling of large volumes of effluents, and the difficulty in using the bauxite residue after leaching. Recovery of iron prior to leaching can improve the economics of the process. However, high alumina in the bauxite residue increases the flux and acid consumption. Therefore, alumina needs to be removed by alkali roasting prior to smelting in order to decrease the flux and acid consumption. The alkali roasting-smeltingleaching process allows recovery of aluminum, iron, titanium, and REEs from bauxite residue. The residue generated in this process can be used in building materials and cementitious binders. Other processes with commercial potential are the Orbite, the pressure leaching, and the acid baking processes.

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Section: Pyrometallurgical Pretreatment Of Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Gerven

Blanpain

Pontikes

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

265

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research and development (and commercial recovery) is already underway for some types of ore processing residue, such as fayalitic slags, originating from processing of Co and Cu ores. Red mud is a waste arising from the Bayer process, the process by which aluminum is produced from bauxite ore. For every tonne of alumina produced, between 1 and 2 tonnes (dry weight) of red mud residues are produced [23]. The global annual arisings are 120 million tonnes and 2.7 billion tonnes of this material has been stockpiled [24].…”

Section: Ore Processing Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

Sapsford

Cleall

Harbottle

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Wastes and the waste repositories in which they reside are becoming targets for resource recovery, both for legacy wastes and for future waste arisings as part of a desire to move toward a circular economy. There is an urgent requirement to explore concepts for practicable technologies that can be applied to these ends. This paper presents a synthesis of concepts concerning in situ technologies (developed from mining and contaminated land remediation industries) that have enormous potential for application to technospheric mining. Furthermore, potential target waste streams and their mineralogy and character are presented along with a discussion concerning lixiviant and metal capture systems that could be applied. Issues of preferential flow (critical to the success of in situ techniques) and how to control it with engineering measures are discussed in detail. It is clear that in situ recovery of metals from anthropogenic ores is a novel technology area that links new sustainable remediation approaches for contaminated materials and technospheric mining for closing material loops, and warrants the further research and development of technologies applicable to major waste streams.

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“…The global waste of RM amounts to approximately 90 million tons/year, around 3 million tons of RM is reported to be used annually in the production of cement, road construction and as a source for iron. However, most RM is discarded into the ocean (Kumar et al 2006). Due to the high alkalinity of RM, the discharge of RM is environmentally hazardous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Toxicity for Commercial Red Mud Pellets Using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna

Lee¹,

Ahn²,

Park³

et al. 2015

Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure

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The toxicity of red mud (RM) pellets for water purification was evaluated using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna in a lab-scale experiment. According to the algal growth inhibition test, both specific growth rates and relative growth rates of P. subcapitata decreased, and the growth inhibition rates increased (R 2 =0.97, p<0.001) as the concentration of RM pellets in the aqueous solution increased (>1.6 g/L). Also, based on the acute toxicity evaluation test on D. magna, toxic unit (TU) values ranged between 0.00 and 2.83, and increased with an increase in the concentration of RM pellets in the aqueous solution. A correlation analysis indicated that the pH of RM pellets was statistically correlated with TU values (R 2 =0.77, p=0.02). The environmental implication from this study is that the concentration of RM pellets in an aqueous solution needs to be lower than 4.4 g/L to keep the maximum permissible TU value less than 1.0.

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Innovative methodologies for the utilisation of wastes from metallurgical and allied industries

Cited by 332 publications

References 9 publications

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

Evaluation of Toxicity for Commercial Red Mud Pellets Using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna

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