Innovative methods of agrobiological control over perenial grass seed production technology

Abstract

Purpose. Plant production largely depends on the ability to obtain good quality seeds. Factors that lead to a change in the strategy of forage crop seeding in conditions of the Ukrainian market are the need for further intensification of the feed production industry, which is a prerequisite for the successful development of animal husbandry. In this regard, the main goal of forage crop seeding is to ensure sufficient production of leguminous and cereal grass seeds to improve and expand the areas of cultural pastures and hayfields, to optimize the structure of forage crop sown areas in field and meadow feed production, reclamation of eroded lands, creation of gardens and parks lawns with high aesthetic indicators, as well as for the export of seeds of perennial grasses. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, measuring, weight, quantitative, test sheaf method, mathematical, statistical. Results. The data of long-term studies on the formation of high yields of leguminous and cereal grasses seeds are highlighted. It has been established that seed yield largely depends on technological factors, in particular, on the fertilization system in crop rotation, harvesting dates, crop preservation, biological characteristics of seed plants of these species. The exclusion of at least one of the operations provided by the technology leads to a significant decrease in the seed productivity of perennial grasses. Conclusions. In order to increase the volume of seed production of perennial leguminous and cereal grasses with high sowing and yield properties of the new generation varieties, innovative energy-saving technologies for their cultivation have been developed based on biologization of the production process, optimization of the mineral nutrition system, the use of chelated fertilizers and growth regulating preparations in the corresponding periods of the development of seed grass stands, which provides a 18-210% increase in seed productivity of perennial grasses, improves the sowing properties of seeds (growth strength, germination ability, weight of 1000 seeds) by 4-12%.